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• Introduction in the field of Sensory science

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• The five senses; where the science that studies the responses to products are perceived as and sensory science is defined as.

  1. Visual 
     
  2. Auditory 
  3. Olfaction
  4. Gustatory
  5. Somatosensory system 

• What is sensory modality?

  A sensory modality is the type of sensation that is perceived after stimulation of a receptor.
  
  For example, smell, taste, sound but also pressure, temperature, and light.
  
  The different sensory modalities are then combined and integrated in the sensory nervous system, which results in a conscious or unconscious detection of the stimulus

• What happens when there is multiple sensory modalities?

  Multiple sensory modalities can interact and influence each other and therefore influence sensory perception. 
  
  
  For example, if strawberries are red, they automatically tast more sweet compared to less sweet strawberries. (video of the jelly beans and the yoghurts.)

• How much do I like the sweetness? = (geeft)

  Hedonic testing 
  
  

  • psycho-hedonic curve 
  • typical inverted U-shape curve
  • optimal concentration 

• Difference between analytical and hedonic

  Analytical: how sweet?
  

  • perceived
  • perception
  • intensity, presence
  • small between subject variation 
  • experimental 
  • small sample size 

  
  Hedonic: pleasantness?
  

  • Judged
  • Preference
  • Opinion
  • large between subject variation 
  • "real-life" situation 
  • Large sample size

• What is the order effect?

  When a subject tastes a certain sample and rates this on a scale, there are many factors that affect the response. It may be affected by the order in which the subject receives the sample, the so-called order effect. 

• What are the reasons why order effect can happen?

  • The first sample may set a reference for the samples that are tasted later. 
    
  • sensory satiety or sensory fatigue 
  • that is that you are not able to sense small differences anymore after tasting a lot of samples. 

• What are the 5 types of sensory panels?

  1. Consumer panels  -  untrained  -  n>100
     
  2. Lay panels (students)  -  untrained (but some knowledge)
  3. Analytical panels  -  trained  -  n=10-20
  4. Expert panels  -  trained  -  n=3-10 
  5. Flavourist  -  highly trained  -  n=1-2

• Type of panel depends on the research question, give a table of 4x4

  1. Discrimination > Is there a difference? > Analytical > expert panel 
     
  2. Descriptive > What is the difference? > Analytical > Analytical panel 
  3. Affective > How do you like it? > Hedonical > Consumer panel 

• Two types of scaling techniques -->

  Direct scaling 
  

  • direct response on a sample 

  
  Indirect scaling 
  

  • response in relation to another sample or samples