Common conditions of eyes & ears
43 important questions on Common conditions of eyes & ears
Eye drops can be used in the ear, but ear drops can never be used where?
Because ointments can make vision blurry, they should not be used with what?
Before putting a gel into the eye, what should be done?
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Eye disease that results in damage to the optic nerve & loss of visual field
What is the intraocular pressure (IOP) like in most glaucoma cases?
What is the most common type of glaucoma that is often without symptoms and is treated with eye drops or surgery?
Which type of glaucoma is a medical emergency that usually presents with eye pain, headaches, & decreased vision from a blockage that causes a sudden increase in IOP, and is treated surgically?
What is the treatment goal of glaucoma?
In what ways can the intraocular pressure be decreased?
Move more fluid out of the eye
OR do both
What drugs reduce aqueous humor production (make less fluid)?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What drugs increase aqueous humor outflow (move fluid out)?
Which drugs are usually 1st line because they are most effective & once daily (QHS)?
Why are beta blockers preferred if the pressure is high in 1 eye only?
Main side effects of PG analogs
Can products that contain the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK) be used with contact lenses?
Wait 15 min before putting lenses back in.
How should Latanoprost (Xalantan, Xelpros) be stored?
After opening: room temp
Which PG analog is indicated to increase eyelash growth and should NOT be used with other PG analogs for glaucoma?
Main side effects of beta blockers
Which beta blocker is less likely to cause pulmonary adverse effects in patients with chronic lung disease (asthma, COPD) because it is the only selective beta blocker?
How should the BB gels be applied?
If use another eye drop, wait 10 min before using the gel
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors should be avoided in what allergy?
What is the combo drug that only works to decrease aqueous humor production?
Which drugs work by increasing aqueous humor outflow AND decreasing aqueous humor production?
What are ways to prevent spreading pink eye?
Proper hand hygiene (thoroughly, frequently)
Change towels/washcloths daily
Discard eye cosmetics
What treatment is for adenovirus (the most common viral type)?
What are the causes of bacterial pink eye?
More severe- neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia
How should Azithromycin (AzaSite) for pink eye be stored?
What is eyelid inflammation that most commonly involves the eyelid margins (where eyelashes come out of the skin)?
What is the preferred treatment for blepharitis?
What can be used for mild eye inflammation?
What can be used for severe eye inflammation?
Why should steroid eye drops only be used for a short time period?
What can be used for eye dryness?
Refresh, Systane
What can be used for chronic dry eye disease?
What can be used for eye redness & allergic conjunctivitis?
Nephazoline (Clear Eyes Redness Relief)
Nephazoline/Pheniramine (Naphcon A, Visine A)
What drugs can cause retinal changes/retinopathy?
What drugs can cause optic neuropathy?
Ethambutol
Linezolid
What drugs can cause intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) [causes difficulty in cataract surgery]?
What drugs can cause color discrimination?
PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil)- green
Voriconazole- color vision changes
Which drugs can cause vision loss/abnormal vision?
PDE-5 inhibitors- loss in one or both eyes; possibly permanent
Isotretinoin- decrease night vision, dryness, irritation
Topiramate- visual field defects
Vigabatrin- permanent vision loss
Voriconazole- abnormal vision, photophobia
What can be used to treat an ear blockage when wax (cerumen) accumulates?
Mild cases of otitis externa ("swimmer's ear") can be treated with what?
What antibiotics are used to treat moderate to severe otitis externa?
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