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From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - New States, New Lands, New Cities - Creation of the Prince-Bishoprics, Holland and Flanders

12 important questions on From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - New States, New Lands, New Cities - Creation of the Prince-Bishoprics, Holland and Flanders

What happened in the absence of an effective central authority?

It was precisely in the absence of an effective central authority, then, that new political units began to coalesce amidst a patchwork of local jurisdictions.
Local lords and their clans built fortresses across the landscape to protect their own fiefs - and offer protection to an insecure population in exchange for their services.

What emerged as a result of the disruptions of the ninth century?

A more tightly hierarchical society, organized at the local level, emerged as a result of the disruptions of the ninth century.
The creation of villages around or near a fortified place, or burg, often testifies to this arrangement of a lord offering security for service from his bound tenants.

Where was the manorial system strong?

This manorial system was not everywhere as strong; it was most established in the southern Netherlands, where the power of local nobility, enabled by the landed estates requiring agricultural workers, was greatest.
In the Netherlands north of the great rivers, where the nobility was initially weaker and agriculture less developed, this was much less the model, with far-reaching social consequences.

How did German emperors try to retake control?

One early way in which the German emperors sought to retake some control over their expansive imperium was to appoint bishops as temporal rulers over territories.

Why was appointing bishops a good idea?

Bishoprics were by definition non-hereditary territories, and appointing bishops was a way for the emperor to appoint men from his own family to do his own bidding.
These bishops were often also better administrators because they were among the few who could read.

What happened to the power of the bishop in 1122?

The power of the bishops further declined after the international resolution of the so-called Investiture Controversy in 1122, which allowed emperors to select bishops but only the pope to consecrate them.
After that, it was Church authorities, the local canons and, of course, the pope himself who had the most decisive say.

Which powerhouses emerged in twelfth century?

Future powerhouses such as Brabant to the south and Guelders to the east would emerge as significant forces only in the course of the twelfth century, and only in the thirteenth would Utrecht's power be seriously challenged by others.

What did Count Dirck II donate?

At the end of the tenth century, Count Dirck II donated to the St. Adelbert Abbey the Evangeliarium of Egmond, a richly illustrated book of the gospels that includes the first extant depictions of early medieval Dutch architecture and people.

What did Count Dirck III do in the early eleventh century?

In the early eleventh century Count Dirck III built a stronghold at Vlaardingen along the Maas and imposed tolls on all passing ships. The count had no legal right to impose tolls - that was the prerogative of the emperor - and skippers from Tiel and other inland ports complained at his intervention.

What did Holland stand for? Where did it arise?

By around 1100 - roughly the time that Leiden had fallen to them - their lands were referred to as "Holland," derived from "Holtland" or "Woodland," for reasons unclear today.
Holland now became a distinguishing marker of identity, both in contrast to the Frisian lands to the east and north, and as a mark of autonomy over and against imperial and episcopal authority.

Who was the greatest regional winner of the political shake-up?

The greatest regional winners of the political shake-up of the ninth century were not the West Frisian counts but the margraves and their successors, the counts of Flanders.

Who constituted power from the tenth to the fifteenth century?

For over 500 years, from the tenth to the fifteenth century, it was Flanders that constituted the chief power in the Low Countries.
It was more thoroughly urbanized and economically specialized than anywhere else in the region, as well as the most culturally creative.
It was substantially wealthier and, at least for a long time, better administered than any of its neighbors.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

A Concise History of the Netherlands | 9780521699174 | James C Kennedy

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From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - New States, New Lands, New Cities - Creation of the Prince-Bishoprics, Holland and Flanders

12 important questions on From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - New States, New Lands, New Cities - Creation of the Prince-Bishoprics, Holland and Flanders

What happened in the absence of an effective central authority?

What emerged as a result of the disruptions of the ninth century?

Where was the manorial system strong?

How did German emperors try to retake control?

Why was appointing bishops a good idea?

What happened to the power of the bishop in 1122?

Which powerhouses emerged in twelfth century?

What did Count Dirck II donate?

What did Count Dirck III do in the early eleventh century?

What did Holland stand for? Where did it arise?

Who was the greatest regional winner of the political shake-up?

Who constituted power from the tenth to the fifteenth century?

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