From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - The Prosperous Thirteenth Century - Jockeying Principalities

8 important questions on From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - The Prosperous Thirteenth Century - Jockeying Principalities

What happened at the Battle of Ane?

  • This diffusion of power had consequences also for the great lords, whose own dynastic considerations had to take account of such factors. This was true for the often hapless bishops of Utrecht.
  • In an attempt to reassert control over all of the Upper Sticht, Bishop Otto von Lippe marched an army against his insubordinate castellan in Drenthe in 1227, only to be killed and have his forces annihilated at the Battle of Ane.

Who were the three principalities? What characterized their rivalry?

This contention for titles and for territory, conducted through strategic marriages; opportunistic, shifting alliances; and military incursions, characterized the abiding rivalry among the princes of Holland, Guelders and Brabant, and their other neighbors.

Who was Guelders's greatest and internationally respected count? What did he do?

Guelders's greatest and internationally respected count was Otto II (1229-1271), who solidified its position through generally cordial relations with the emperor, further territorial expansion and the granting of many city rights.
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What happened at the Battle of Woeringen?

Guelders reached its territorial limits in 1288, when it was defeated by a Brabant-led coalition at the Battle of Woeringen for control over the duchy of Limburg and its strategic - and lucrative - trade roads.

Where was the political orientation of Brabant aimed towards?

  • Brabant, with its original base far to the south in Leuven and Brussels, was, as a power, a relative latecomer to the territory of what is now the Netherlands, and in its politics remained oriented in other directions: toward its opponents eastward in Germany, and westward in its rivalry with Flanders.
  • Its assertive duke, Hendrik I, did not exercise control over most areas of northern Brabant until around 1200. From this time on, though, the dukes of Brabant were keen to expand their influence over territories along the wealth-generating Rhine and Maas.

Who was Jan I and what did he do?

  • Brabant's signature duke was Jan I (1267-1294), a magnetic and energetic personality who inspired epic poems. He was the first to build up an alluring court culture in Brabant.
  • He linked his dynastic ambitions with the success of Brabant's cities and their economic interests, giving them many privileges in exchange for a generous portion of their rising incomes and their willingness to finance his military campaigns.

What did Floris V do? What did he conquer?

  • A near contemporary of Jan was Holland's most famous count, Floris V (1256-1296). Only two years old at the time of his father's death, it took Floris some time before he was successful in securing his own county and in launching military and diplomatic initiatives from his new county seat at The Hague.
  • By 1289 he had decisively conquered West Friesland, putting all territory west of the Zuyder Zee under Holland's control.

What mistake did Floris V make? How did it end for him?

  • For a long time an ally of England against France for reasons of trade, Floris suddenly joined hands with France in 1296, in the hope of obtaining better support for his longstanding efforts to wrest the Zeeland islands from another adversary, Flanders.
  • This was too much for Floris's internal enemies - Holland nobles who had lost power under the count - who kidnapped him. Floris was killed by his captors when local farmers attempted to rescue him, sending the county into chaos.

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