From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - The Roman Netherlands - Life in the Empire
6 important questions on From the Margins to the Mainstream: Dutch History to 1384 - The Roman Netherlands - Life in the Empire
Where were the most extensively Romanized parts of present-day Netherlands?
- Although the considerable presence of Roman artifacts suggests that Roman culture came to penetrate the lives of the Batavians deeply at their capital, Novio Magus, the most extensively Romanized parts of the present-day Netherlands lay in southern Limburg.
- It was there that the all-important military road between Roman Gaul and the German frontier ran, which in time also encouraged commerce. Romans built a bridge in Maastricht in the first century as a link in this road. It was there that settlement from the south, from Gaul, was likely the most extensive.
What function did the Rhine have?
- The Rhine and its tributaries not only formed the limes of the empire but, just as importantly, were major trading arteries on which the empire relied.
- The whole river region was important as a transit area, helping to enable seafaring trade with Roman Britain, from which grain was imported, and the Romans built a couple of canals to make the Rhine more navigable.
How literate was the Netherlands during the Roman period?
- Only a small group of either Romans or non-Romans read and wrote well in the region's first written language, Latin, but a broader group, including some beyond the limes, possessed a level of practical literacy necessary for daily business.
- Roman law became the norm and, even where not dominant, influenced, over time, the legal traditions of the regional tribes.
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How did religious life change?
- Though the Romans themselves were hardly averse to violent spectacle, practices upon which they expressly frowned - such as human sacrifice, practiced by Germanic tribes, or druidic rituals - probably faded away.
- More certain is that local populations began to supplicate their own gods in ways that increasingly resembled Roman custom, illustrated in the new temples, altars and consecrated stones that marked the landscape.
What did the Romans encourage local populations in terms of religion?
- The Romans encouraged local populations, with some success, to synchronize their own gods with those of the Romans, but distinctly non-Roman gods persisted as well.
- Over time "imported" religions such as Mithraism and Christianity were introduced to the Low Countries.
How mixed was the population in the Low Countries?
- Like many parts of the empire, Germania Inferior was home to a culturally mixed population, partially Roman, partially Germanic or Celt, with a different mix in each locale.
- Seen this way, the Roman Netherlands was a microcosm of the diversity that characterized most of the empire.
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