The end of empire and the problem of neocolonialism - Africa's hope and misfortune - French Algeria
4 important questions on The end of empire and the problem of neocolonialism - Africa's hope and misfortune - French Algeria
How did the French deal with their colonies after World War II?
- Morocco and Tunisia broke away in 1956, and two years later the French government, under newly elected President Charles de Gaulle, offered all of the remaining colonies both independence and financial assistance under the umbrella of an association called the French Community.
- The alternative was independence without any French support, and only one department, Algeria, chose this option.
How did it go between France and Algeria?
- French control over Algeria began in the 1830s, and by the end of World War II the politically dominant settler population had reached over one million.
- A bloody war of national liberation, led by the Algerian National Liberation Front, began soon after the French withdrew in defeat from Vietnam in 1954.
What did the war in Algeria eventually lead to?
- It continued for eight long years, with Arab and Berber nationalist rebels terrorizing any Algerians who did not actively support them, and with the French army, backed by white settlers, responding to attacks with brutal reprisals.
- The protracted conflict eventually led to the collapse of the Fourth French Republic in 1958, the return of Charles de Gaulle to national prominence as President of the Fifth Republic, and the withdrawal of French forces in July 1962.
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Why was multiracial not possible in Algeria?
- The multiracial Kenyan solution appeared to be impossible in Algeria owing to the cruelty of the struggle, and almost 1.5 million white settlers left Algeria in the wake of independence.
- Most returned to France, embittered and hostile toward the de Gaulle government.
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