When borders do matter: international migration and identity - States and refugees - Cold War policy and refugees
4 important questions on When borders do matter: international migration and identity - States and refugees - Cold War policy and refugees
Which countries illustrated international migration during the Cold War?
- The experiences of two countries in Southeast Asia - Vietnam and Cambodia - illustrate something of the scale of the disruption.
- After the communist takeover in North Vietnam in 1945, almost one million residents, the majority of whom were Roman Catholics, fled in advance of state-ordered collectivization and religious persecution.
- Cambodia also fell to communist insurgents in 1975, and under the barbarous rule of Pol Pot, cities were emptied and rural labor camps were established where over one million Cambodians died of starvation and overwork.
What refugee phenomenon happened in Central America?
- Another locus of the Cold War refugee phenomenon was Central America. In Cuba, the Castro revolution led to the flight of more than 800,000 people to the US, beginning in the early 1960s.
- And during the bloody civil conflicts of the late 1970s and 1980s as many as 385,000 Salvadorans, Nicaraguans, Hondurans, and Guatemalans entered Mexico illegally, with most living on the outskirts of the country's major urban areas.
What did most migrants from Central America flee from?
- Most of the migrants from Central America were fleeing the death squads and political repression of right-wing military governments that were supported by the US.
- The triumph of the leftist Sandinista government of Nicaragua in 1979, for example, led to a redoubling of US support for conservative, and antidemocratic, regimes in the region.
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Which refugee flows were accepted and which weren't?
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