The Cold War in global context, 1945-1991 - The Khrushchev era, 1955-1964 - To the brink: Cuba

6 important questions on The Cold War in global context, 1945-1991 - The Khrushchev era, 1955-1964 - To the brink: Cuba

Among who was the appeal to communism the strongest?

Superpower rivalry informed events on every continent, and in the Caribbean and Central and South America, the appeal of communism was strongest among those elements of the population who had suffered most under authoritarian, right-wing regimes.

What happened in Guatemala during the 1950s?

  • During the early 1950s the Americans had successfully overturned a reformist government in Guatemala after the leader of that country, Jacobo Árbenz, expropriated the extensive landholdings of the US-based United Fruit Co as part of a larger land reform program.
  • In 1953, when Árbenz agreed to buy military hardware from communist countries, the US CIA began training and equipping exiled opponents of the Guatemalan leader.

Which ideologies did Castro unite?

In the early stages of the revolt and subsequent assumption of political power, Castro succeeded in uniting disparate ideological forces: communists, socialists, and anti-Barista liberals, who together were interested in promoting social justice and land reform for the rural poor.
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What political changes did Castro implement?

  • Castro had broken with most of his allies over the issue of free elections, erected a one-party state, implemented the first stages of a Soviet-style command economy, and turned to the USSR for essential foreign aid.
  • Political dissent, press freedoms, foreign ownership of established business enterprises and landed estates - all were forbidden by the ruling junta. 

What did the "Cuban Missile Crisis" bring about?

  • What is clear is that the subsequent "Cuban Missile Crisis" brought the world's two superpowers to the edge of nuclear war a short 17 years after the defeat of Nazism in Europe.
  • With the Cuba platform, America's major cities would now be vulnerable to a direct Soviet nuclear strike. In October the US began an air and naval blockade of Cuba and insisted that existing Soviet technology on the island be withdrawn.

How did the Cuban Missile Crisis end?

  • After a tense week of threats and counter-threats, and with 19 American warships prepared to stop and board Russian cargo ships traveling across the Atlantic en route to Havana, Moscow reevaluated its position.
  • Khrushchev at last agreed to remove the weapons in return for a US pledge not to attempt the overthrow of the Castro government.
  • The Soviet leader also requested the removal of the US missiles in Turkey, and while Kennedy refused to accept the latter request in public, the weapons in question were quietly removed from their forward positions in 1963.

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