An elusive new world order, 1991-2020 - The resurgence of China - The return of Deng Xiaoping

5 important questions on An elusive new world order, 1991-2020 - The resurgence of China - The return of Deng Xiaoping

What did the death of Mao signal?

The death of Mao signaled the beginning of the end of China's command economy.

What program did Deng launch?

  • As soon as he solidified his power at the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party in December 1978, Deng launched an ambitious economic program designed to upgrade agriculture, industry, national defense, and science and technology.
  • Called the "Four Modernizations," the development goals were to be reached by adopting market-based reforms, what the Party leadership euphemistically referred to as "socialism with Chinese characteristics."

What did the "iron rice bowl" mean?

State-mandated price controls over industrial products and foodstuffs were lifted, and the so-called "iron rice bowl" - the guarantee of permanent employment for state-sector workers - was withdrawn.
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What did membership in the World Bank and the IMF mean for China?

  • Membership in the World Bank and the IMF provided opportunities for China to secure valuable economic and technical advice.
  • Thousands of Chinese college-age students were permitted to study in the US and Europe for advanced business, technical, and scientific training.

How were Deng's efforts viewed?

  • Deng's efforts to combine a pragmatic economic program with a repressive political system fostered acute tension within the leadership elite, with conservatives denouncing the corrupting influences of bourgeois economic values.
  • University students, teachers, and state-sector workers were especially upset by allegations of widespread corruption and nepotism within the Party during the 1980s. 

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