An elusive new world order, 1991-2020 - Integration and fragmentation in wider Europe - Straining the European idea
15 important questions on An elusive new world order, 1991-2020 - Integration and fragmentation in wider Europe - Straining the European idea
What did the EU uphold?
What was going on in Europe around 2020?
What three crises tested the EU after 9/11?
- The first crisis involved money. In 2008 there was a financial crisis.
- The second crisis involved displaced people. In 2015 an unprecedented number of migrants entered the EU.
- The third crisis involved rules. In 2018 there were problems with Poland and Hungary regarding judicial independence.
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What consequence did the financial crisis of 2008 have for public opinion?
How did the 2008 crisis begin?
- Beginning in the US with the collapse of an overvalued real estate market and irresponsible mortgage lending by financial institutions large and small, sharp reverses in the US economy led to downward pressure on markets worldwide.
- By the end of the year a global recession had taken hold, battering confidence across business, housing, and consumer sectors, and raising serious concerns about the future of liberalism's free-market orthodoxy.
What eventually outlined a path to recovery after the 2008 crisis?
What kind of migrants entered the EU in 2015?
What challenge were political leaders faced with?
What allowed more extreme politicians to move into mainstream politics in EU? What did these politicians want?
- As criminal actors sought to erode public confidence in the values of open and free societies with repeated surprise attacks, and the heightened sense of uncertainty and vulnerability that such acts fostered, more extreme politicians were allowed to move into the political mainstream across the EU.
- Populist parties on the far right, once relegated to the margins across Europe and largely absent in the US, began to build support by standing against open borders, free-trade practices, rapid cultural changes, and a perceived loss of national sovereignty.
What was tested because of the immigration emergency?
What happened in Poland and Hungary that the EU responded to?
How did Erdogan respond to a failed coup attempt?
What did Erdogans political style look like?
- Controlling state-owned media outlets and dominating private television during the 2018 presidential campaign, Erdogan easily secured another five-years term of office.
- The country's move from the only democratic, Muslim majority member of NATO to a personality-centered authoritarian regime created a serious fissure within the Western alliance.
What did the EU's clash with illiberal member states highlight?
What did the formal break with the EU represent?
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