Science, technology, and the environment - Population and healing - Technology, medicine, and the quality of life
3 important questions on Science, technology, and the environment - Population and healing - Technology, medicine, and the quality of life
What redefined the role of a surgeon?
- The growth of teaching hospitals during the nineteenth century, with their sterile operating theaters, combined with the regular employment of anesthesia and antiseptics at the close of the century, redefined the role of the surgeon, elevating those who undertook invasive procedures to the very pinnacle of the medical profession.
- Operations on the major body cavities were now undertaken with increasing regularity, and with ever more encouraging results.
When were surgical techniques introduced?
- Beginning in the mid-1980s, minimally invasive surgical techniques were introduced in major research and teaching hospitals.
- Fiber-optic light and minute cameras allowed the surgeon to manipulate delicate robotic instruments through tiny incisions while watching a high-definition video monitor.
Name some examples of additional applications that were applied after World War II?
- X-ray technology was refined in the 1970s with the advent of the computerized axial tomographic (CAT) scanner, providing doctors who specialized in brain disorders with a three-dimensional image of the skull.
- Whole-body scans followed with the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a noninvasive process that avoided the radiation side effects associated with X-rays.
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