When borders do matter: international migration and identity - States and refugees - Jews and Muslims
7 important questions on When borders do matter: international migration and identity - States and refugees - Jews and Muslims
What happened to the Jews between 1880 and 1948?
- Between 1880 and 1948 over four million Jews left their homes in Eastern Europe, Russia, and a variety of Muslim-dominated countries for destinations in Western Europe and the US.
- More often than not the moves were occasioned by some element of persecution.
What inspired most Jewish migrants?
What did the British encourage the Jews to go to?
- The British encouraged Jewish relocation to the mandate territory of Palestine during the 1920s, mostly as a counterweight to Muslim influence in the region.
- The pace of migration quickened during the 1930s as Nazi policies hardened in Germany.
- By 1940 there were half a million Jews in the region, prompting Arab fears that Jews would eventually become the majority population.
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What are kibbutzim? What did those settlers insist?
- With support from Western financiers, some Jewish settlers formed communal farms called kibbutzim and achieved remarkable levels of agricultural efficiency and output. Others built factories and transformed the city of Tel Aviv into a vibrant commercial center.
- The settlers insisted that their presence in the region represented a progressive and democratic beacon of hope for every resident, including the majority Arab population.
What were most zionists convinced of?
How did Israel's Arab neighbors view Jewish settlement in Palestine?
- Israel's Arab neighbors viewed Jewish settlement in Palestine as a blatant example of old-style Western imperialism.
- With a deplorable and centuries-long record of anti-Semitism in the Christian West, it was argued, Europeans ow sought to excise the problem by foisting Jewish refugees upon the Muslim inhabitants of the Middle East.
What refugee problem arose after the Arab-Israeli war?
- In the wake of this first Arab-Israeli war, upward of one million Palestinians were expelled from their ancestral homes in Israel, creating an enormous refugee problem for regional powers and for the UN.
- In 1950 the UN established a special Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees in the Near East in order to address the crisis, but 70 years later it was still at work.
- Lacking that leadership, and without a strong advocate on the world stage, increasing numbers of Palestinians became radicalized, and their frustration was shared by the Wider Muslim community of states.
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