An elusive new world order, 1991-2020 - Integration and fragmentation in wider Europe - European integration

7 important questions on An elusive new world order, 1991-2020 - Integration and fragmentation in wider Europe - European integration

What is the European Economic Community about?

  • First established in 1958 and designed to give small states the type of bargaining influence in the world economy normally reserved for great powers, the European Economic Community (EEC) became an enviable free-trade zone by the mid-1960s.
  • The EEC also served to undo some of the more belligerent forms of nationalism that had divided Europeans and contributed to two world wars.

What is the Maastricht Treaty about?

In 1992 the 15 member states of the renamed European Union (EU) signed the Maastricht Treaty, a landmark agreement designed to achieve full economic and monetary union across multiple borders.

What rights were enjoyed by the EU?

  • The EU had become the single largest market in the world, producing over 20 percent of world exports.
  • EU residents enjoyed the right to live and work in any member state, and a European parliament and court of justice, although occasionally disparaged by individual heads of state, made incremental progress in the work of building a common political and legal culture. 
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What happened economically in Europe?

  • In 1999 most EU states adopted a common currency, the Euro, making trade across borders even more seamless.
  • By every economic measure, the once-shattered continent had transformed itself into an economic superpower.

What is the post-World War II Allied vision? Was it realized?

The post-World War II Allied vision of a peaceful and prosperous Europe had become a reality, with cross-border travel, trade, and employment tempering old national rivalries and setting new standards for regional development.

What was the original reason for the NATO? Why was it now questioned?

The original Cold War mandate of NATO was to prevent Soviet expansion into Western Europe, and with the demise of the Warsaw Pact some observers questioned the purpose of the NATO alliance.

What was the American vision for NATO?

The US pressed for a reconceptualized NATO as a regional security organization.

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