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When borders don't matter: development and global culture - North and South, rich and poor - India's example

Q: How did critics refer to India's economic system?

Critics began to refer to the system as the 'permit raj,' a bureaucratic labyrinth where even a company's decision to increase output required official state approval.

6 important questions on When borders don't matter: development and global culture - North and South, rich and poor - India's example

Which conditions did Nehru grow up in?

Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru had grown up in privileged circumstances: His father was a successful barrister and one of the founders of the Congress Party, and the young Nehru was sent to England for his public school, university, and legal training.

What did Nehru realize because of Gandhi?

Under the Mahatma's influence, Nehru began to question an imperial order that virtually ignored the desperate condition of the laboring peasantry.
During the 1920s he became convinced that the struggle against poverty must be the central obligation of any future Indian government, and with independence he began the fight with a call for rapid industrialization under state auspices.

What did Nehru associate capitalism with?

Nehru associated unregulated capitalism with the remnants of colonialism; thus he and his closest allies in the Congress Party insisted that state planning was both more reflective of Indian communal values and more likely to catapult the nation into the twentieth century.

What did Nehru's preference for state control mean for India?

Nehru's preference for state control and centralized planning meant that export-led growth and foreign investment were discouraged.
India's share of world trade actually fell during the 1950s and 1960s as the government strove for industrial self-sufficiency.

How did critics refer to India's economic system?

Critics began to refer to the system as the "permit raj," a bureaucratic labyrinth where even a company's decision to increase output required official state approval.

How was India doing regarding education?

While Indian universities graduated a higher number of scientists and engineers than most developed countries, government investment in primary education remained well below levels of spending on national defense.
Low literacy rates and high fertility rates translated into more poverty for millions across this multilingual country.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

A Concise History of the World Since 1945 | 9781352010206 | W M Spellman

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