The Cold War in global context, 1945-1991 - Early superpower tensions - Deepening Western suspicions
6 important questions on The Cold War in global context, 1945-1991 - Early superpower tensions - Deepening Western suspicions
Who was the dominant power after the war?
What was Russia like economically?
- Russia may have been a major military power in May 1945, but economically it was poor, backward, and seriously disadvantaged in terms of useable physical plant.
- It had relied heavily on American Lend-Lease assistance in order to prosecute the war against Germany, and just before the Potsdam meeting Stalin requested massive postwar reconstruction loans from the US.
How did citizens view Stalin?
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What did the policy makers of the West think about the Soviets and why?
- In the minds of some policy makers in the West, including those within the new Truman administration, an effective countervailing force was necessary in order to prevent the extension of Soviet power - indeed, possible Soviet hegemony - across the European continent.
- It had not been forgotten that the Bolsheviks had stated publicly during the interwar years that their ultimate goal was the downfall of capitalism and the establishment of global communism.
What did Churchill say about security?
- Churchill warned his American audience in a speech that with respect to the Russians, "there is nothing they admire so much as strength, and there is nothing for which they have less respect than for military weakness."
- Referring to the establishment of an "iron curtain" across the European continent, Churchill counseled that security could only be found in an alliance among the Western democracies, including the US.
What did Soviet expansion into the European heartland mean for Western democracies?
- For the Western democracies, Soviet expansion into the European heartland meant the repudiation of the 200-year-old Enlightenment project, with its emphasis on individual rights, the sanctity of property, freedom of thought and expression, self-government, and religious pluralism.
- Some policy makers in the West maintained that the Soviet state mirrored its tsarist predecessor in its attempt to extend Russian imperial influence into the Middle East, the Balkans, and Central Europe.
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