The Cold War in global context, 1945-1991 - Expanding the circle of conflict - Southeast Asia

9 important questions on The Cold War in global context, 1945-1991 - Expanding the circle of conflict - Southeast Asia

How did the British, Dutch, and French go about the former countries?

  • In the case of Britain, the reversion was essentially a temporary measure designed to facilitate the creation of independent, pro-Western, and anticommunist governments.
  • Dutch troops withdrew in 1949 and the Republic of Indonesia was formed in 1950 under the leadership of Sukarno.
  • In 1946, French soldiers were confronted by an indigenous guerrilla movement led by the communist leader Ho Chi Minh.

How did Ho Chi Minh get to communism?

Ho Chi Minh had traveled widely, especially in Europe, and had embraced Marxism while living in France during the 1920s.

What conviction did he share with China?

He shared with the Chinese communist leader an unshakable conviction that national liberation and the triumph of communism were inevitable.
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What did the League for the Independence of Vietnam do?

  • Ho established a League for the Independence of Vietnam during World War II from a base in China.
  • The League was composed of a variety of nationalist groups, and under Ho's leadership they worked to organize underground resistance to Japanese occupation of Vietnam.
  • After the ousting of the Japanese in 1945, the communists declared an independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam, but the French refused to recognize the claim.

What did the French order Vietnam?

In 1946 French troops ordered Ho's forces to evacuate the city of Hanoi in the North; when they refused, the French attacked, driving Ho's communist fighters into the countryside and setting the stage for what would become a bloody 30-year guerrilla war against Western domination.

How did the Truman administration go about Vietnam?

  • Although the Soviets had given Ho little encouragement or material support, the communist guerrilla insurgency in Vietnam was now labeled as part of a larger pattern of worldwide Marxist belligerence directed by Stalin.
  • By 1954 the Americans were paying a large percentage of French military costs in Indochina.

What did the Americans fail to recognize?

In the case of Chinese communism, the Americans failed to recognize and act upon the serious differences that existed between Ho Chi Minh and the leadership in Moscow and Beijing.

What happened at the Geneva Accords?

  • Peace negotiations were opened in Geneva between communist and noncommunist representatives from Vietnam.
  • The US, the USSR, and China all sent delegates to the conference, and once again a disputed land was partitioned pending UN-supervised national elections set for 1956.
  • Under pressure from the Soviets, Ho Chi Minh accepted the terms of the accord, confident that the communists would win an overwhelming majority in nationwide balloting.
  • The US declined to sign these Geneva Accords on the future of Southeast Asia.

What was in the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization?

Its terms included a pledge from the US to defend Laos, Cambodia, South Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines against communist insurgency.

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