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1 ABG mid term
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What does the inbreeding coefficient \(F\) represent?
- Probability of inheriting two copies of the same allele
- Alleles come from a single common ancestor
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Define IBD and IBS in genetics.
- IBD: Identical by descent
- IBS: Identical by state, origin not considered
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What makes animals in the same litter more similar?
- Shared environment
- Proportion of total phenotypic variance
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What is inbreeding depression and when is it largest?
- Causes decreased performance
- Largest for traits related to fitness
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What represents the genetic effects inherited by offspring?
- Genetic effects:
- - A: Breeding values
- - D, I
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How does genetic drift affect future generations?
- Random change of allele frequency
- Causes inbreeding in later generations
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What does a steeper slope in heritability estimation indicate?
- Steeper slope:
- - Higher \( h^2 \)
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What does covariance measure?
- How two traits vary together
- Indicates how one can predict the other
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What is the formula to estimate A using regression when BV is unknown?
- Regression slope: \( b = h^2 \) -
What is the formula for profit?
- Profit = Revenues - Costs
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