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• Les 1 Water fysiology and -chemistry

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• Major ionic composition varies locally with geology, but there are bigger patterns like?

  Climate history, age, vulcanism and current climate

• Why is the amazon river red of color?

  The amazon river is a very old river were most elements have leached out, the soil is exhausted and only exists mostly of insoluble iron-oxides and silicon. This gives the river a red color.

• Where do you find the most mineral content in a waterbody? At the poles or at the equator?

  At the poles are more mineral content, and at the equator less.

• What can create a waterbody with exotic compositions?

  Vulcanic activity, hot springs, and geysers all have different compositions

• What are a couple of water's unique properties?

  It changes in density by becoming ice, it can dissolve substances, it has a high heat capacity and cohesion/adhesion
  (Het verandert van dichtheid door ijs te worden, het kan stoffen oplossen, het heeft een hoge warmtecapaciteit en samenhang/adhesie)

• What will happen if the base flow dries up in a river?

  The stream will dry up as well. (this mostly happens in smaller streams)

• at what pH level will you find cabonate, bicarbonate and carbon dioxide?

  Carbonate (CO3): Ph around 12
  bicarbonate (HCO3): pH around 5
  carbon dioxide (CO2): pH around 2

• What will you most likely find in calcium-rich waters?

  Crustacea (kreeftachtigen) and gastropoda (weekdieren), because they need the calcium for their shells.

• Why is phosphorus needed in water, and what will happen if there is too much of it?

  Phosphorus is essential for plant growth. Too much speeds up eutrophication. Oxygen in the water will get reduced because of an increase in mineral and organic nutrients.

• Why is nitrogen needed in water, and what will happen if there is too much of it?

  Nitrogen ((stikstof) found in sediment) is a key element for DNA and essential for plant growth. Too much nitrogen speeds up eutrophication. High levels are toxic to plants and can even kill animals that eat these plants.