Introduction to animal behavior
18 important questions on Introduction to animal behavior
What is the defenition of EVOLUTION?
--> can lead to the formation of new species = diversity
What are the 3 main processes that drive evolution?
2. Genetic drift -> influence of chance on whether an individual reproduces
3. Natural selection -> acts on the fact that some individuals are better adapted to the environment than others
-> Better adapted - advantage - producing more offspring - higher fitness
-> If the adaptive traits are heritable this will lead to a higher frequency of these traits in the population
What is the definition of the LEVEL OF ANALYSIS (Tinbergen's 4 whys)?
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What can you tell me about causation (4 tinbergs why's)
-> what makes an individual show a certain behavior
-> direct stimuli that triggers a behavior
What can you tell me about evolution (4 tinberges why's)
-> how did this behavior evolve
-> evolutionary/phylogenetic history (groups of related species often have similar behavior)
What can you tell me about NATURAL SELECTION?
-> evolution ≠ natural selection
- variation
- differential reproductive success
- heredity
What can you tell me about HERITABILITY (H^2)?
- adaptive effects + dominance effects + epistatic effects
-> The potential for modifying a trait through selection is assessed by measuring its heritability, which is estimated by measuring genetic + phenotypic variation
What are the 5 key concepts of heritability?
2. Heritability is a population-level measure
3. Heritability can differ among environments
4. The behavior in question must vary among individuals in the population
5. Strong selection on a behavioral trait reduces the heritability of that trait
What is the defenition of UMWELT?
What is the defenition of CLADOGRAM?
What are the 2 significant concepts within the drive theory?
2. Redirected behavior
What can you tell me about ontogeny (4 tinbergens why's)
-> how did an individual develop the ability to show this behavior
-> how does a behavior change over an animals lifetime (metamorphosis)
What can you tell me about function (4 tinbergens why's)
-> what is the function of the behavior
-> survival rate (differential reproductive fitness)
What are the 4 tinbergens why's + which one are proximate/ultimate?
1. Causation
2. Ontogeny
ultimate
3. Evolution
4. Function
What can you tell me about Displacement behaviour (drive theory)?
-> this is a self-directed behavior = behavior that an animal performs on itself (can lead to physical harm)
What can you tell me about Redirected behaviour (drive theory)
-> this is a repetitive behavior = the displacement/redirection of energy when an animal cannot perform a desired task (pacing, aggression towards something else)
What is the difference between behavioural studies and model species?
model species -> studies in depth to understand certain types of behaviour
What are the 7 reasons to study behaviour?
2. Production animals
3. Marine animals
4. Crop productionn
5. Diseases
6. Companion animals
7. Conservation
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
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- 100% sure, 100% understanding
