Sociality and cooperation
15 important questions on Sociality and cooperation
What is the definition of selfish herd hypothesis?
-> individuals on the edge are more exposed to predators, so they decreasezoneof danger
What are the 3 main mechanisms for gaining a future dirrect fitness benefits from others
2. Indirect reciprocity
3. Stakeholder altruism
What are 3 reasons that animals form groups?
2. Resource distribution +
3. Cost of close living arrangement -
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What can you tell me about social network analysis?
node in social network = a single animal that is connected with other animals
What are the 4 patterns in a social network?
2. Degree = the number of connections an individual has
3. Centrality = the connections of your connections
4. Betweenness = how well you connect others
-> knowledge about the social network structure can be used to determine information flow through a group + how the position of an individual affects others + how an individual is affected by social associations
What can you tell me about cooperation behavior?
-> widespread + comes in many forms and shapes
1. Mutual benefit
2. Altruism
3. Reciprocity + cooperative breeding
-> evolution: there is a difference between cooperative act towards relative and non-relative
-> relative: shared genes => indirect positive for your fitness
-> non-relative: they may return favour later on or give you a good reputation
among others => positive for your fitness
What are the 2 main causes for group formation?
-> selfisch herd hypothesis
2. Individuals need specific resources that are clumped in space
What are the 3 distinct anti-predatory benefits that large groups provide?
2. Confusion effect = making it difficult for a predator to pick out one single individual to focus on
3. Vigilant = they can more effectively spot a predator
-> the larger the group, the earlier the predators are detected + at a greater distance
What are the costs of group living?
2. Competition
3. Attracts predators
4. Social conflict
5. Resource limitation
What is the definition of cooperative breedinng
What are the 2 fundamental types of cooperative behavior?
2. Altruism -> recipient benefit, actor suffers costs
What can you tell me about inclusive fitness?
-> combination of the fimiliarr direct fitness (gained from own offspring) + indirect fitness (gained from helping relatives)
What can you tell me about Hamilton's rule?
-> individual is more likely to help closer relatives... More shared genes
What is the definition of social queuing?
What can you tell me about stakeholder altruism?
- individuals benefit sfro the presence of others
- cooperation ensures group size to be large
- not relying on specific individuals
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
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- Never study anything twice again
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- 100% sure, 100% understanding
