Summary: Anotomy And Physiology, Cell Dna,rna And Protein Unit
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1 Anotomy and physiology, Cell DNA,RNA and protein Unit
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What is the role of helicase in transcription?
- Unzips the gene
- Allows transcription to begin by separating DNA strands
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What are the main organelles and their functions related to cell structure?
- Cell Membrane
- Nucleus, Nucleolus
- Smooth & Rough ER
- Golgi Apparatus
- Lysosome, Mitochondria
- Vesicles & Vacuoles
- Ribosomes, Flagella & Cilia
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How does complementary base pairing occur in transcription?
- RNA polymerase facilitates
- Pairs bases to form mRNA strand
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How do organelles relate to protein synthesis and intracellular digestion?
- Organelles involved in:
- Protein synthesis
- Intracellular digestion
- Organelles involved in:
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What processes are involved in mRNA formation?
- RNA polymerase forms mRNA strand
- Addition of cap and Poly A tail
- Introns removed, exons left
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What are the structural components of DNA?
- Nucleotide parts
- Complementary bases (AT2 + GC3)
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What occurs during the initiation phase of translation?
- mRNA joins ribosome subunits
- 1st tRNA with amino acid binds
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What happens during DNA replication?
- Unzipping – Helicase
- Complementary base pairing – DNA Polymerase
- Formation of new DNA strands – DNA Polymerase
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What happens during elongation in translation?
- Additional tRNAs and amino acids delivered
- Peptide bonds form between amino acids
- tRNAs are released
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How does DNA differ from RNA?
- Sugar: Deoxyribose vs Ribose
- Shape: Double helix vs single-stranded
- Bases: ATCG vs AUCG
- Location: Nucleus vs cytoplasm
- Types: DNA vs mRNA, rRNA, tRNA
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