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Cellular structure and function - structures and organelles

21 important questions on Cellular structure and function - structures and organelles

What structure manages cell processes?

The nucleus is the cell’s managing structure. Most of the cell’s genetic material (DNA) is in the nucleus. DNA defines the cell and controls protein production. A nuclear envelope surrounds the nucleus. Substances pass through the nuclear envelope to move in and out of the nucleus.

Which organelle produces proteins?

Ribosomes produce proteins and are made of two components—RNA and protein. Ribosomes are produced in the nucleolus, a structure located inside the nucleus. Some ribosomes float freely in the cytoplasm. They produce proteins that will be used by other cells. Other ribosomes attach to an organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the function of cilia?

Aids in moving the cell and moving substances along the surface of the cell; some animal cells.
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What attaches to rough endoplasmic reticulum?

The endoplasmic reticulum, also called ER, is a membrane system of folded sacs and channels to which ribosomes are attached. There are two types of ER. The first type is called rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is the area where ribosomes attach to the ER’s surface. The ribosomes appear to create bumps or rough places on the membrane. The second type, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, has no ribosomes attached. Smooth ER produces complex carbohydrates and lipids.

What is the environment inside the plasma membrane called?

The environment inside the plasma membrane is a semifluid material called cytoplasm.

Which organelle produces energy?

Cells need energy to survive. The organelles that convert fuel particles such as sugars into usable energy are called mitochondria. A mitochondrion has an outer membrane and an inner membrane with many folds. The membrane provides a large surface area for breaking the bonds of sugar molecules. Energy is produced when the bonds are broken.

What is the purpose of the Golgi apparatus?

Once proteins are created, they move to another organelle, the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packs the proteins into sacs called vesicles. The vesicles fuse with the cell’s plasma membrane. There the vesicles release the proteins, which move through the plasma membrane to the environment outside the cell.

What did scientists discover within the cytoplasm?

Scientists discovered a structure within the cytoplasm called the cytoskeleton.

What should be highlighted according to the instructions?

Highlight the names of structures found in both plant cells and animal cells.

How do plant and animal cells differ?

In addition to mitochondria, plant cells contain chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis. Plants can use light energy from any light source—usually the Sun. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cannot use solar energy as fuel for cell processes. Plants also have cell walls. The cell wall is a mesh of fibers that surrounds the plasma membrane. It protects and supports the cell. Plant cell walls are made of a carbohydrate known as cellulose.

What is stored in vacuoles?

Cells have vesicles called vacuoles that act as temporary storage for materials in the cytoplasm. Vacuoles can store food and other material needed by a cell. They can also store wastes. Plant cells normally have one large vacuole. Animal cells might or might not have a few small vacuoles.

What should be circled according to the instructions?

Circle the names of structures that are found only in plant cells.

What are cilia and flagella?

Some animal cell surfaces have cilia or flagella that extend beyond the plasma membrane. Cilia are short projections that look like hairs. They move back and forth, similar to the motion of the oars of a rowboat. Flagella are longer, whiplike projections that propel cells. Both cilia and flagella are composed of microtubules. They move cells through their watery environments. Cilia also move substances along the surface of the cell.

What is the function of the flagellum?

Aids in moving and feeding the cell; some animal cells.

What should be underlined according to the instructions?

Underline the names of structures that are found only in animal cells.

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Modifies and packages proteins for distribution outside the cell; both.

What is the role of microtubules?

Microtubules are long, hollow protein cylinders that form a firm skeleton for the cell. They assist in moving substances within the cell.

What is the role of microfilaments?

Microfilaments are thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move.

Where do all chemical processes of a typical eukaryotic cell take place?

All chemical processes of a typical eukaryotic cell take place in the organelles, which move around in the cell’s cytoplasm.

What are some functions of organelles?

Proteins are produced, food is transformed into energy, and wastes are processed in the organelles.

What is the function of vacuoles in plant and animal cells?

Stores materials temporarily; plant cell—one large, animal cell—a few small.

The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:

Bio H

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