Cellular energy - cellular respriation

20 important questions on Cellular energy - cellular respriation

What takes place when oxygen is low in anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration takes place when oxygen is low. Some prokaryotes that do not need oxygen use anaerobic respiration all the time. Other cells use anaerobic respiration when oxygen levels are low.

What is the main idea of the section on Cellular Respiration?

Living organisms obtain energy during cellular respiration.

How is ATP made during anaerobic respiration?

Anaerobic respiration, or fermentation, follows glycolysis when oxygen is absent. Glycolysis makes two ATP from each glucose molecule. Fermentation makes a small amount of ATP and regenerates the cell’s supply of NAD⁺ so glycolysis can continue. Two important types of fermentation are lactic-acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation.
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In the Krebs cycle, what is pyruvate converted to?

Pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide in a series of reactions called the Krebs cycle.

What happens before the pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle?

Before the pyruvate enters the Krebs cycle, it reacts with coenzyme A (CoA) to form a 2-carbon intermediate called acetyl CoA. Carbon dioxide is released, and NAD⁺ is changed to NADH.

How do organisms get energy according to the overview of cellular respiration?

Organisms get energy through cellular respiration. Electrons from carbon compounds such as glucose are collected, and the energy is used to make ATP.

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are important ways that cells get and use energy. These processes are related in important ways. The products of photosynthesis—oxygen and glucose—are needed for cellular respiration. The products of respiration—carbon dioxide and water—are needed for photosynthesis.

What does acetyl CoA combine with in the mitochondria?

Acetyl CoA combines with a 4-carbon molecule to form citric acid.

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy

What is released when citric acid is broken down?

When citric acid is broken down, two molecules of carbon dioxide, one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH₂ are released.

What is glycolysis and how does it begin?

Cellular respiration begins with glycolysis, a process in which glucose is broken down into pyruvate. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process, meaning it does not need oxygen.

How many turns of the Krebs cycle occur for each glucose molecule?

Two turns of the Krebs cycle occur for each glucose molecule.

What follows glycolysis in cellular respiration?

Glycolysis is followed by aerobic processes, which require the presence of oxygen. During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down and ATP is made.

Where does electron transport take place?

Electron transport takes place in the mitochondria.

What are the high-energy electrons and protons from NADH and FADH₂ used for?

The high-energy electrons and protons from NADH and FADH₂ are used to change ADP to ATP.

How are NADH molecules formed during glycolysis?

Two phosphates are added, and electrons and protons combine with two NAD⁺ molecules to form two NADH molecules.

How many ATP molecules does electron transport make?

Electron transport makes 24 ATP molecules.

What happens to the 3-carbon molecules in glycolysis?

The two 3-carbon molecules are changed into two molecules of pyruvate. Four molecules of ATP are made.

How do prokaryotes undergo aerobic respiration?

Prokaryotes undergo aerobic respiration by having electron transport occur in the cellular membrane instead of mitochondria.

How many molecules of ATP do prokaryotes make from one molecule of glucose?

Prokaryotes make 38 molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose.

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