Summary: Bio Test #3

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• Bio Test #3

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• The generation of daughter cells from a parent cell-Cells do this to reproduce organisms and to grow and repair multicellular organisms-Involves the transfer of genetic information from parents to daughter cells

  Cell Division

• Combines genetic information from two individuals of opposite mating types to produce offspring

  Sexual reproduction

• Occurs in Prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) Function: Asexual reproduction

  Binary fission (cell division)

• Occurs in Eukaryotes: single-celled or multicellularFunction: Asexual reproductionOccurs in Eukaryotes: multicellularFunction: Growth of individual; repair and replacement of cells and tissues

  Mitotic division (cell division)

• The process that generates two genetically identical daughter cells (clones) from a single parent cell in eukaryotes-Involves the even distribution of replicated DNA (packaged in multiple chromosomes) into new daughter cells-During process, the nucleus divides in a process called MITOSIS, followed by a division of the cytoplasm called CYTOKINESIS-Allows eukaryotes to replace dead cells and add new cells to the body; many single-celled eukaryotes can reproduce asexually through this process; some multicellular eukaryotes as well

  Mitotic division

• Allows the daughter cells to become specialized into any of the 220 different cell types found in the human body (truly multicellular)

  Cell differentiation

• Small group of gamete-producing cells, that are reserved early in embryonic development for eventually producing gametes for the new individual

  Germ line cells

• Unspecialized stem cells that serve to grow, regenerate, and repair tissues through adulthood

  Adult stem cells

• Each DNA double helix is packaged with special proteins to form long strands of ______?

  Chromatin

• DNA is replicated during S phase, resulting in two identical double helices, known as ______.-These are held together at a region called the centromere-Later, in mitosis, they are split and become chromosomes of the new daughter cells.

  Sister chromatids