Pedosphere
22 important questions on Pedosphere
What are the decomposition processes, in order?
Fragmentation
Microbial catabolism
What are the different litter layers?q
F(Oe) fragmented litter (recognisable plant remains)
H(oa) = Humified litter (unrecognisable plant and microbial organic matter)
What are the inputs of organic matter into the soil?
Land management (ploughing etc.)
In situ decomposition of roots and root exudates
Leaching of dissolved organic carbon
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What is the compostion of above ground plant litter?
Branches barks, fruits etc (20% of litterfal in temperate regions
How does the aboveground litter inputs of grasslands compare to forests?
How important is belowground NPP of total forest NPP?
How much of the roots are located in what depth globally averaged?
75% occurs in the top 40%
What are the annual root turnover values?
34% for total shrubland roots
53% for grassland fine roots (<5mm)
55% for wetland fine roots (<5mm)
56% for forest fine roots (<5mm)
very fine roots (<1mm) may have a life span of days to weeks
What is root turnover?
What substances are part of Rhizodeposition?
Complex carbohydrates and enzymes
Lysates from autolysis of cells
Mucilage coating on roots (polysaccharides)
Gasses (ethylene and CO2)
How much C is lost through Rhizodeposition?
Annual plants 6-17% of fixed C
Why is Rhizodeposition important for soils?
this increases biogeochemical turnover and nutrient availability
Rhizodeposition ascts as a primer for decomposition of SOM
What is the exponential formula for the decline of litter mass during decomposition?
l0 is litter mass at t=0
Lt is litter mass at time t
ln(Lt/L0) = -kt
What is the purpose of SOM fractionation?
How much of SOM is on average SOC?
What is another description of humus?
What is the light fraction?
Floats in liguids with densities of 1.6-2.0 gram cm^-3
partially decomposed plant residues
What is the active/fast/ labile fraction?
What are the main characteristics of humus?
Increases wate rretention
facilitates cementation in aggregates
acts as a pool of nutrients
forms complexes with polyvalent cations
Increases the CEC
What are the main characteristics of humic substances?
classification based on solubility in series of acids and bases
- fulvic acid
- humic acid
- humin
What methods of characterisation of SOM are there?
"" based on density
Chemical fractionation based on hydrolysis
Pyrolysis- gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
What is the relation between bacteria and enzymes?
and bacteria cooperatively produce these enzymes
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