Read the summary and the most important questions on Biology of plants | 9780716762843 | Peter H. Raven, Ray F. Evert, Susan E. Eichhorn.

• 1 The movement of substances into and out of the cell

• 1.1 introduction

• What is an essential capability of living cells?

  To regulate the amount,kind and often the direction of movement of substances across the cell membrane 

• 1.2 Principles of water movement

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• Name the basic processes governing the movement of water 

  Bulk flow, Diffusion, and osmosis 

• What does bulk flow mean

  The flow of molecules of water from one place to another place due to differences in potential energy

• what are the essential characteristics of diffusion?

  Each molecule moves independently and the movemend is at random

• What is the deffinition of diffusion?

  The dispersion of substances by a movement of their ions or molecules, which tends to equalize their concentrations throughout the system.

• 1.3 Cells and diffusion

• which molecules diffuse freely acros the plasma membrane?

  Water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and a fewsimple molecules

• what is the principal way in which substances move withing the cells?

  Through diffusion

• What does efficient diffusion require and how do cells maintian this?

  A steep concentration gradient which is maintained by metabolic activities e.g. using up of oxygen as soon as it enters the cell futhermore ofthen ions or molecules ar often produced in one place and used in another thus creating a gradient

• What is a selectively permeable membrane?

  A membrane that permits the passage of some substances while inhibiting the passage of others

• In what direction is the movement of water by osmosis in the abscence of factors that influence water potential?

  From lower solute concentration (therefore high water potential) to higher solute concentration(lower water pressure)