Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis - Endotoxins
17 important questions on Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis - Endotoxins
Compare and contrast exotoxins and endotoxins in terms of their source, release mechanism, and basic properties.
Explain the structure of endotoxins, focusing on the components responsible for toxicity. How does the modification of lipid A affect the properties of the endotoxin?
Describe the physiological effects of endotoxin exposure. How does endotoxin contribute to fever, and what are the consequences of large endotoxin doses?
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Compare the toxicity of endotoxins and exotoxins. Provide examples of each and discuss their lethality, considering LD50 values.
Explain the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay for endotoxin detection. How does the assay work, and what is its significance in pharmaceutical quality control?
What are some key terms related to the language of epidemiology?
- Observation
- Recognition
- Reporting
- Incidence
- Number of new cases
- Prevalence
What is the significance of "Morbidity" in the field of epidemiology?
- Major causes of illness vary from major causes of death
Describe the concept of "Herd Immunity" in the context of the host community.
- More infectious disease → higher percentage of immunity
What are the different modes of disease transmission involving people?
- Direct transmission
Explain the term "Vector" in the context of infectious disease transmission and reservoirs.
- Can replicate pathogens
Define "Carrier" with respect to infectious disease transmission and reservoirs.
What is the concept of a "Zoonosis" when discussing infectious diseases?
What does "Pandemic" signify in epidemiology?
Explain the term "Convalescent period" in the stages of disease.
What is the significance of "Mortality" in epidemiology?
- Mortality rates vary in different regions
Describe the concept of "DALY" in epidemiology.
- Measures disease burden in years lost
What is "Coevolution" in the context of the host and pathogen relationship?
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