Epidemiology and Public Health - Public Health threats from Microbial Weapons

7 important questions on Epidemiology and Public Health - Public Health threats from Microbial Weapons

What are some characteristics of effective microbial weapons according to the information provided?

- Easy to produce
- Safe for use by offensive force
- Can incapacitate or kill people consistently

What are some key points about the smallpox as a public health threat from microbial weapons?

- Easy spread
- High fever and fatigue
- Mortality >30%

What are some characteristics of Bacillus anthracis as a public health threat from microbial weapons?

- Causes anthrax
- Easily grown aerobically
- Forms endospores
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What are the three forms in which Bacillus anthracis can cause infection according to the information provided?

1) Infection of skin through wound
2) Gastrointestinal – From consumption
3) Inhalation – Deadliest form

What are potential important spreading factors?

Human contact, travel, and lack of proper hygiene are potential important spreading factors.

Why do new viruses become pathogenic?

New viruses can become pathogenic when they successfully infect a host species that has not encountered the virus before. The immune system of the new host may not be prepared to fight off the virus effectively, allowing the virus to replicate and cause disease. Additionally, mutations in the virus genome can also lead to increased pathogenicity by enhancing its ability to infect cells or evade the immune response.

How did the human pathogens arise?

Human pathogens can arise in various ways, such as through mutations in existing organisms, Mixing with livestock can lead to cross-species transmission from animals to humans, or evolution of new strains. Factors such as changing environments, increased global travel, and antibiotic resistance can also contribute to the emergence of human pathogens.

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