Summary: Cardiovascular & Respiratory System
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1 Cardiovascular & Respiratory System
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What are symptoms of left-sided heart failure?
- Backflow to the lungs
- Difficulty of breathing
- Orthopnea (difficulty breathing lying flat)
- Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Bibasilar crackles
- Non-productive cough
- Pink frothy sputum
- Decreased cardiac output
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What causes inflammatory heart disease?
- Infectious agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites
- Toxic materials: environment, water, food, air, gases, smoke, pollution
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What are the layers affected in infectious cardiac disorders?
- Endocardium: Inner layer
- Myocardium: Muscle layer
- Pericardium: Outermost layer
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How do you check for cardiac responsiveness?
- Check for responsiveness
- Ask for help
- Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
- Get Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
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How is stable angina managed?
- Manage with: Rest, Oxygen -
What are the signs of endocarditis?
- Heart valves become incompetent
- Vegetation, infective emboli
- Murmurs
- Skin: petechiae, nodules
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What does the ECG rhythm indicate?
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- Rapid impulse > 100 bpm
- P wave is absent
- Poor cardiac output
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What is the CPR sequence?
- Compression
- Airway
- Breathing (C-A-B)
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What are the symptoms of myocarditis?
- Decrease in muscle contraction
- Chest pain with fatigue
- Cardiac dysrhythmia
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What is shown in the ECG for supraventricular tachycardia?
- P wave: Abnormal
- QRS: Normal
- PR Interval: Not measurable
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