Physical Examination of Dog and Cat - Systemic approach - Head and neck

7 important questions on Physical Examination of Dog and Cat - Systemic approach - Head and neck

What is the first step of head and neck examination in dogs and cats?

Palpate the skull and temporalis muscles for muscle loss

What is the second step of head and neck examination in dogs and cats?

Check for submandibular salivary gland (more rostral) and the prescapular lymph node (more caudal)

What are palpable lymph nodes in dogs and cats?

Normal to feel
1. Submandibular lymph node
2. Prescapular lymph node
3. Popliteal lymph node

Abnormal to feel
1. Inguinal
2. Axillary
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How do we examine the nasal cavity in dogs and cats?

Visualize nasal passages for discharge, mucosal lesions, asymmetry, patency.

How do we examine the eyes of dogs and cats?

Check for eye structures and surrounding skin with penlight, check for any squinting or discharge

How do we check the ears of dogs and cats?

Check the outer and inner surfaces of pinnae and ear canal for discharge, erythema, odour, pain

How do we check the oral cavity in dogs and cats?

Pull back the lips on both side of the mouth and evaluate teeth, tongue, mucous membranes, soft and hard palate, tonsils

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