Read the summary and the most important questions on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

• 1 Basic Principles of Cognitive-Behavior Therapy .

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• On which two central beliefs is CBT based?

  1. Our cognitions have controlling influence on our emotions and behavior
     
  2. Our behaviour and actions can strongly affect our thought patterns and emotions
     

• Who was the first person to develop theories and methods for using cognitive and behavioral interventions for emotional disorders?

  Aaron T. Beck

• What is meant with the negative cognitive triad, the concept of Beck in relation to depression?

  Beck used a cognitive perspective for describing the symptoms of depression. In which depression was characterized by negative thinking style in three domains; the self, the world and the future, which are referred to as "the negative cognitive triad"

• Which three primary levels of cognitive processing have been identified by Beck and collegeas?

  • Conscious
  • Automatic thoughts
  • Schema's 

• What is the description of the highest form of cognition "consciousness"?

  State of awareness in which decisions can be made on a rational basis. 
  

  1. Allows us to monitor and assess interactions with the environment. 
  2. Link past events with present experiences 
  3. Enables us to control and plan future actions. 

• What are automatic thoughts?

  Cognitions that stream rapidly from our minds, when in the midst of something, or in the presence of strong emotions.

• Persons with emotional disorders often have negative biased cogntiions, and cognitive errors, name two examples of cognitive errors.

  1. All-or-nothing thinking 
  2. Personalization (relate external events to oneself)

• Which three main group of schemas can be identified?

  1. Simple schemas: rules about the physical nature of the environment, practical management of everyday activities. --> weinig effect in psychopathologie. VB: "educatie is belangrijk",  "take shelter during a thunderstorm"
     
  2. Intermediary beliefs and assumptions: conditional rules, such as if-then statements that influence our self-esteem and emotion regulation. "if I work hard, then I can succeed"
  3. Core beliefs about the self: global absolute rules for infterpreting environmental information related to self-esteem. "I'm a failure". I'm unlovable, "i am a good friend"

  
  People can have adaptive and maladaptive core beliefs.

• What are errors in atribution style often present in depressed persons?

  1. Internal vs. External --> taking excessive blame
  2. Global vs. Specific --> things I did have far-reaching global effects
  3. Fixed vs. Changeable.   --> troubling situations are fixed

• What is the positive self-serving bias?

  The bias towards positive feedback. Gezonde individuen overschatten vaak de mate van positieve feedback, bij depressieve individuen wordt dit vaak onderschat.