Read the summary and the most important questions on Consciousness | 9781138801318 | Susan J. Blackmore; Emily Troscianko

• 4 Neuroscience and the correlates of consciousness

• 4.1 Intro

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• What is the ideology of identity theorists?

  They believe that the mind and the brain are identical. Therefore if we understand all the processes in the brain we understand consciousness.

• What is the belief of Eliminative materialists?

  They eliminate mental properties like qualia. They believe the mind is what the brain does.

• What are the beliefs of extended minders and theorists of expanded cognition?

  They do not believe that a neural network can solely explain consciousness. They believe that the environment and the rest of the body also play a role in consciousness.

• How do neuroscientists make a mistake in regards to consciousness?

  They look at one part of the animal when in the eyes of extended minders they should be looking at the animal as a whole.

• What is the ideology of dualists?

  They believe that consciousness is not part of the material world, therefore understanding the material world would not help.

• 4.2 a Human brain

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• How is the nervous system divided and what are its functions?

  The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system which is the brain and the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system consists of sensory and motor nerves that run through the spinal cord and the brainstem.

• What is the brainstem responsible for?

  The brainstem is responsible for vital functions such as heart rate, respiratory functions, and sexual functions.

• What is behind the midbrain and what is its function?

  The cerebellum is behind the midbrain and it is in charge of motor control and some cognitive functions. It also has links to the motor cortex and the spinocerebellar tract.

• What is between the midbrain and the cortex( outer layer of the brain)?

  The thalamus contains relays areas for sensory inputs to the cortex. The thalamocortical loop is said to have something to do with consciousness and is well developed by humans.

• What does the cortex include and what are some of the structures that are implicated in consciousness?

  The limbic system consists of:
  1. Amygdala - rewards and emotions
  2. Hippocampus - long-term memory + formation of cognitive maps
  3. Hypothalamus - regulates the automatic nervous system
  4. Cingulate gyrus - Emotions, pain, motivational response
  5. neocortex  - distincitive part of humans