Understand Basic Economic Principles

10 important questions on Understand Basic Economic Principles

What is the concept of supply and demand in economics?

Supply and demand are fundamental economic principles that relate:
  1. Supply: Quantity of goods available.
  2. Demand: Desire for those goods.
  3. Market equilibrium: Point where supply meets demand.
  4. Price fluctuations: Result from changes in supply or demand.

What is opportunity cost in economic decision-making?

Opportunity cost refers to the value of the alternative forgone:
  1. Represents what is given up.
  2. Important in resource allocation.
  3. Affects personal and business decisions.

How does gross domestic product (GDP) measure economic performance?

Gross domestic product (GDP) gauges economic activity:
  1. Total value of goods and services produced.
  2. Indicates economic health.
  3. Real vs. nominal GDP considered.
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What role do incentives play in economics?

Incentives influence individual and business behavior:
  1. Can be monetary or non-monetary.
  2. Encourage productivity.
  3. Affect choices and decision-making.

What distinguishes microeconomics from macroeconomics?

Microeconomics and macroeconomics study different scales of economics:
  1. Micro: Individual agents like consumers and firms.
  2. Macro: Whole economies and large-scale economic factors.

What is the law of diminishing returns?

The law of diminishing returns explains resource allocation:
  1. As additional resources are added, output increases at a decreasing rate.
  2. Applicable in production and consumption contexts.

How do market structures affect competition?

Market structures determine levels of competition:
  1. Types: Perfect competition, monopolistic, oligopoly, monopoly.
  2. Influence pricing, output decisions, and market strategies.

What are the effects of inflation on an economy?

Inflation impacts economic stability:
  1. Reduces purchasing power.
  2. Can lead to uncertainty.
  3. Influences interest rates and investment.

What is the significance of fiscal policy in economics?

Fiscal policy refers to government spending and taxation:
  1. Aims to influence economic activity.
  2. Affects demand and public services.
  3. Can stabilize fluctuations in the economy.

How do externalities affect market efficiency?

Externalities create market inefficiencies:
  1. Positive externalities: Benefits to others.
  2. Negative externalities: Costs imposed on others.
  3. Require interventions for optimal resource allocation.

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