California - North Coast - Napa County
18 important questions on California - North Coast - Napa County
Napa Valley in bullitpoints
- Cabernet Sauvignon
- High quality wines
- 4% of Cali's production
- 50% of retail value all Cali wine sold
Coolest part of California Napa Valley and 3 AVAs and main varieties
- Southern part, open to San Pablo Bay
- Carneros > Pinot Noir / Chardonnay
- Coombsville > Cabernet Sauvignon
- Oak Knoll > Cabernet Sauvignon
4 slightly warmer AVAs in Napa Valley, California
- Yountville AVA
- Stags Leap District AVA
- Oakville AVA
- Rutherford AVA
Still cooling nights from San Pablo Bay
- > winds and fog
- Higher grades + faster learning
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Main grape variety in the 4 warmer AVAs in Napa Valley
- Yountville AVA
- Stags Leap District AVA
- Oakville AVA
- Rutherford AVA (some Zinfandel)
and less Merlot and CF
Cabernet Sauvignon in Napa Valley
- Concentrated ripe fruit
- medium(+) / high body
- high ripe tannins
- juicy blackcurrant, blackberry, plum
- notes of spice (liquorice, cloves) or herbs
Most famous vineyard in Oakville and Rutherford in Napa Valley
- three-mile stretch of vineyards on gently sloping alluvial fan at the bottom of the Mayacamas mountain range
Warmest AVAs of Napa Valley
- St Helena AVA
- Calistoga AVA
Cabernet sauvignon
Calistoga some cooling due to gap in Mayacamas > Pacific Ocean
Mountain AVAs in Napa Valley, California
- Sites up to 800 m
- vineyards above fog layer
- less temperature extremes > lower diurnal range
- higher levels of tannins and acidity than those of the valley floor
- west-facing sites exposed to intense afternoon sun > warmer
- southern coolest > CS struggles to ripen (Mount Veeder AVA)
How come Napa Valley is not under pressure from urbanization
Some reasons for the high prices for Napa Valley grapes and land
- Popularity and prestige of the wines
- The inability to expand vineyard area
- Almost all permitted vineyard land has been planted
- Legislation prevents land with more than 30% slope from being converted to vineyard
- > forest > reduces erosion
Vineyard management Napa Valley California
- Vines pruned and trained cordon or replacement spur, with VSP terellising
- Mechanisation possible on valley floor
- Some mountain sites only hand possible
- Drip irrigation widely installed
- Cool nights >
- risk of frost on valley floor vineyards
- in mountain AVAs air movement and warmer nights
What is 'Napa Green' in Napa Valley California
- for both vineyard and winery
- 55% of vineyard land is certified Napa Green
Wines (varieties) in Napa Valley California
- Merlot - Pinot Noir - Zinfandel - Petit Verdot - Malbec - Cabernet Franc - Syrah - Petite Sirah
- Sauvignon Blanc - Pinot Gris
Wine style Napa Valley wines
- 1980's-90s: over-ripe, full-bodied, long hangtime, high alcohol, lower acidities, high proportion new oak > vanilla, coconut, toast
- Now more diversity
- Trend: picking earlier
- new oak still used, but shorter time in oak
- healthy fruit (good equipment > optical sorters
- blending different AVAs
5 reasons for the complex style of Napa's Cabernet Sauvignons
- Blending!
- Blending with a small proportion other grape varieties (Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petite Sirah)
- Blending across different vineyards
- Blending across different AVAs
- Blending grapes from different soil types
- e.g. Alluvial & fertile river soils
- Blending grapes from cooler (southerly) vineyards with grapes from warmer vineyards
3 Significant producers in Napa Valley
- Screaming Eagle
- Harlan Estate
- Stag's Leap Wine Cellars
Style of Cabernet Sauvignon in Napa Valley
- Varies up and down the valley
- depending on site
- depending on grape growing and winemaking
- They tend to be
- good - outstanding
- premium - superpremium price
White wines in Napa Valley
- Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc
- as the reds varies depending on site, grape growing and winemaking
- warmer areas: more stone fruit and tropical rather than citrus
- Chardonnay usually oaked, but some don't use oak
- Sauvignon Blanc usually unoaked, but some do use oak
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