2019 Final, LePage

65 important questions on 2019 Final, LePage

Upon examination of a male kitten, there is a palpable left testis within the left scrotal sac, but no palpable right testis within the right scrotal sac. There were no other abnormalities noted. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY explanation involving the gonad of this kitten?

Unilateral cryptorchidism

By which 3 properties is a stem cell defined?

Ability to self-renew by asymmetrical cell division, high proliferation properties and differentiation potency

Embryonic stem cells are isolated from

The inner cell mass of an embryo
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In what ways are embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells similar?

(A and B are correct)

Stromal vascular fraction refers to:

The nucleated cell fraction of adipose tissue

What is the embryonic origin of the biceps muscle?

Somite mesoderm/myotome

What is the embryonic origin of the uterus?

Intermediate mesoderm

What is the embryonic origin of the primary bronchus?

Endoderm

What is the embryonic origin of the kidney nephron?

Intermediate mesoderm

Which genes display "colinearity" and are involved in limb development?

HOX genes

The right side of the heart is a "high pressure" system during fetal life

True

Aortic stenosis is often associated with hypertrophy of the right ventricle

False

Blood in the umbilical vein has:

High oxygen concentration

Endochondral ossification involves the formation of bone from mesoderm through a cartilage template

True

The greater curvature of the stomach is due to

The dorsal portion of the dilated caudal foregut grows rapidly

Embryonic physiological umbilical herniation occurs to accomodate the:

Midgut

All lung tissues are fully formed and matured at the time of birth:

False

The functional kidney in the newborn and adult originates from:

The metanephrons

The following structures are of endoderm origin:

Urinary bladder and urethra

The uterine tubes and uterus originate from the paired:

Paramesonephric/Mullerian ducts

Secreted products from Leydig and Sertoli cells are important for female phenotypic sex development

False

In order to evaluate the efficacy of stem cell therapies, studies need to account for:

All of the above

Allogenic/allogeneic cells are defined as:

Cells from a different individual from the same species

In Canada, there are currently no regulations on veterinarian's use of autologous cell-based products like stromal vascular fraction or PRP

False

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells may exert their function by

Mechanisms described in answer B and D

What is the embryonic origin of the cerebral cortex?

Neural ectoderm

What is the embryonic origin of melanocytes?

Neural crest cells

Spermatocytogenesis is the male form of gametogenesis that results in

Formation of spermatocytes

Neurocristopathies can arise due to defects of neural crest cell migration or differentiation. Which of the following is an example of neurocristopathy?

Both A and D

Which of the following is a derivative of the embryonic neural tube?

Both B and C (Motor neurons and Ependymal cells)

The large fluid-filled follicle that is preparing to ovulate is called:

Graafian follicle

Which part of the female reproductive tract acts as a sperm reservoir, allowing spermatozoa from the same ejaculate to reach the uterine tubes at different times?

Cervix

What extraembryonic membrane directly interfaces with the endometrium to form the placenta?

Chorion

What kind of placenta does a pig have?

Diffuse, epitheliochondrial

During an equine foaling it is normal to first see a "red bag" protruding from the vulva

False

If the somites close to a limb-forming region are removed, which of the following will be missing in the limb?

Muscles

Mammalian cleavage during early embryogenesis is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Growth of blastomeres

Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) consists of:

Injection of washed sperm into the uterus with a catheter

Which statement is true about therapeutic cloning

The making of embryonic stem cells that are used for replacing/repairing damaged tissues/organs

Which assisted reproductive technology consists of the injection of a single sperm cell directly into the cytoplasm of an egg?

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)

You add donor inner cell mass (ICM) cells to a 64-cell blastocyst. The number of ICM cells that you added is equivalent to those already present in the blastocyst. You will find descendants of the donor ICM cells in

Newborn tissues

There are many genes and molecules important to embryonic development. Which of the following statements is correct regarding each molecule and its function?

Both A and C are correct (Oct4 is important in maintaining cellular pluripotency, SHH acts as a neural inducer and also acts to maintain the anterior-posterior axis in limb development)

True or false: FGF signaling promotes cell differentiation

False

Chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization, but phenotypic sex is determined by

SRY gene

What important process is depicted in Figure 1? (Looks like a fucking tongue)

Gastrulation

In figure 1 (Gastrulation), what structure does the letter "A" identify?

Primitive streak

In figure 1 (gastrulation), what cells (blue) does the letter "B" identify?

Epiblast cells

In figure 1 (gastrulation), which cells (orange) does letter "C" identify?

Mesoderm cells

In figure 1 (gastrulation), which cells (yellow) does letter "D" identify?

Endoderm cells

In figure 1 (gastrulation), which cells (green) does letter "E" identify?

Hypoblast cells

True or false: during development, cells usually undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition in order to migrate to their final locations

True

When is the second polar body extruded during oogenesis?

After ovulation, only if oocyte is fertilized

True or false, facial development requires the contribution of endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm, and neural crest derivatives

True

Nutrigenomics is the branch of science that

Examines the response of genes to food compounds

Which of the following statement is false?

Influence of caffeine on bone mass may not depend on specific genes

Tagging of a foreign gene to which of the following helps in visual confirmation of a transgene?

Green fluorescent protein gene

What is the difference between prognostic, diagnostic, and surrogate biomarkers?

Analyte that provides information on likely course of disease in an untreated individual or likelihood of response to a given therapy; analyte that helps achieve clinical diagnosis; analyte that signifies the presence of an endpoint (e.g. Death); respectively

The karyotype in Figure 2 (one x sex hormone) is most likely that of

Horse

The karyotype in figure 2 (horse) is described as

63 X

The abnormality in figure 2 (horse) is:

Monosomy

The mode of inheritance in this pedigree is that of (5M, 3F black)

X-linked recessive

In this mode of inheritance (5M3F), all sons of an affected male and a normal female are normal

False

Males are often asymptomatic carriers (5M3F)

False

The mode of inheritance in the diagram (5M3F) affects males more commonly than females

True

Cancer in dogs and cats is similar to cancer in people because:

It has a genetic basis

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