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• 1 Week 1

• 1.1 History of European Integration

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• Who was Robert Schuman?

  He was the minister of foreign affairs ( minister van Buitenlandse zaken ). He had a plan. To basically make sure that neither France nor Germany would have control over this key strategic industry but to give it to supranational organizations.

• What was the plan/ solution of Robert Schuman?

  He wanted to make sure that neither France nor Germany would have control over the Cole and steal industry but supternational organizations => The European Cole and steal community. 
  
  To make a union of Europe we have to begin small. France always wanted to have peace. A common high authority will give this peace and solidarity at the France-German stole industry. 

• What is the European coal and steal community

  This is the supernational organization, invented by Robert Schuman. 
  
  Key: the organization was supernationzal but only limited in scope.  The European integration started this way very small. The organization really only had a say in the market for coal and steal. 
  
  it was really the started of different treaties. 

• When did the European coal and steal community started and is it still a present treaty?

  In 1952 the treaty of Paris. It expired in 2002 so it is not a present treaty anymore.

• What is the importance of the Schulman declaration

  It really was the start of integration for more topics than only the coal and steal market. The small initiative initially resulted in the European Union that we know today, it today covers much more areas than just coal and steal ( internal market, asylum, migration, climate, foreign policy). The Schulman declaration was the graduale process, it was initially conceived with the coals and steal community.

• When did the empty chair crisis happend?

  Between 30 juni 1956 and 29 January 1966. 

• What was the reason the empty chair crisis happend?

  The big question which started was in which the extent in which members of the government should retain full control over the process off European integration or whether the supranational institutions should have a more prominent role in the direction of European integration.  
  
  Debate between supernationalism and intergovernmentalism. 

• Why Is voting in the Counsil such an important topic?

  If they vote by unanimity that means that each government of the member states retains full control over the decision making process. If it is with a qualified majority voting it means that the minister can be out voted out of the counsel. This means that decision can be binding for that member state without the member state consenting. This gives much more power to the commission and other institutions.

• In which year was the demise of the santer Commission

  1999.

• Why did the demise of the santer commission happen?

  This is because of the qualified majority verity , and also the fact that the European commission has a big rol in the European integration process there has been a discussion that the EU is not efficiently democratic. The power of the European Parliament was mora and more expanded which is causing democratic deficit. 
  
  
  let op: geen recht op initiatief aangeven en heeft veel moeilijkheden vanwege de verdragen. Het Europeaan parlement kan de commissie wel beïnvloeden maar heeft verder niet veel macht.