Religious culture in early modern Europe - Confessional Europe
3 important questions on Religious culture in early modern Europe - Confessional Europe
What was the principal outcome of the Reformations of the sixteenth century?
The principal outcome of the Reformations of the sixteenth century was that Europeans became, and were to remain, deeply divided in matters of religion.
What was the religious map like after the Thirty Years War?
With the conclusion of the Thirty Years War in 1648 the religious map had more or less stabilized.
- The Italian peninsula, the kingdoms of Spain, Portugal and France, the Southern Netherlands and much of Southern Germany, along with the bulk of the territories governed by the Habsburgs, remained within, or had returned to the Catholic fold.
- The Scandinavian kingdoms and northern Germany were solidly Lutheran. Reformed or Calvinist Protestantism was dominant in the British Isles (though not Ireland), the Netherlands, and in pockets in Switzerland, France, Germany and parts of Eastern Europe.
How is Peter the Great perceived by Old Believers?
Peter the Great's further reforms in the eighteenth century led Old Believers to regard him as the Antichrist.
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