Popular Culture(s) - Definitions and debates

6 important questions on Popular Culture(s) - Definitions and debates

How are some important features of early modern culture shared on multiple social levels?

  • Catholic kings and peasants alike venerated saints and visited shrines.
  • Aristocrats and peasants held broadly similar views on gender relations and accepted a broadly hierarchical view of the political and social order.
  • Courtiers and artisans together thronged the playhouses of Elizabethan and Jacobean London and together enjoyed the crude pleasures of the cockfight and bear and bull-baiting.

What did the acculturation in France mean?

  • Muchembled described a process of acculturation in France, an alliance between the Catholic Reformation Church and the state to strengthen their control by suppressing profane and superstitious customs and imposing the culture of the elite upon the whole population.
  • The reformers sought to eradicate the 'folkloric' elements of traditional Catholicism, reform the parish clergy and place local religious confraternities under firm control.

What values did the Renaissance and Enlightenment promote?

The Renaissance and Enlightenment promoted the values of reason and civility, or politeness, and all waged war on 'superstition', disorder and excess.
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What did religious reformers sought to do?

  • Religious reformers sought to improve clerical standards and separate the sacred world from the profane;
  • Catholics wanted to ban rowdy festivities from the church and churchyard, while Calvinists tried to suppress them altogether.

What was the war between 'carnival' and Lent like?

Burke presented these developments as a war between 'carnival' and Lent, carnival standing for the rough, earthy and boisterous celebration of life and the senses, Lent for the new values of civility, restraint and discipline - a war that ended with the triumph of Lent.

What is meant with 'country divinity'?

Puritan ministers complained bitterly about what they dismissed as the 'country divinity' of most villagers, who after endless sermons still failed or refused to absorb the doctrine of salvation by faith alone and remained convinced that heaven was a reward for all who lived a decent life.

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