The long Reformation - Reformed - The Reformed tradition
4 important questions on The long Reformation - Reformed - The Reformed tradition
Where did the Reformed tradition emerge?
- When historians of the Reformation refer to the Reformed tradition, they usually mean those movements which emerged in the Swiss Confederation around its dual poles of Zurich and Geneva.
- While Luther was making waves in Wittenberg, his contemporary and later rival, Huldrych Zwingli (1483-1531), was developing his own challenge to the established Church as principal pastor in Zürich.
What did Zwingli achieve?
- Gradually, through preaching and debate, as well as public acts of defiance - eating meat during Lent and advocating the marriage of priests and the destruction of images - Zwingli and his followers won over the municipal authorities and the mass was officially abolished in Zurich in 1525.
- Zwingli would die in battle with the Swiss Catholic cantons at Kappel in 1531.
Who influenced Zwingli? How did Zwingli feel about Luther?
- While claiming to have reached his views independently, Zwingli was undoubtedly influenced by Luther's works and freely acknowledged this debt, despite the open and growing hostility between the two camps in the late 1520s.
- Although they had many beliefs in common, Zwingli felt that Luther had not gone far enough, and he developed more radical views on the sacraments, iconoclasm and the role of secular authority which would later influence Calvin.
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What did John Calvin sign in 1549?
- John Calvin (1509-64) signed an agreement on the most divisive issue, the Eucharist, in 1549. Their contribution would consolidate the hold of Protestantism in many areas of Europe just as Catholicism reasserted its claim to supremacy.
- Calvin agreed with Zwingli's views on salvation and upheld Divine and ultimately double predestination, while arguing that good works, godly behaviour and the acceptance of discipline were all necessary outward signs of 'election'.
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