Developmental anomalies of face and associated structures
26 important questions on Developmental anomalies of face and associated structures
What is oblique facial cleft and what causes it?
What is a cleft that is often accompanied by oblique facial clefts?
What are the two main types of facial clefts, and what percentage of all facial clefts does each type represent?
2. Cleft lip and palate - 99%
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What is the difference between the anterior and posterior cleft?
2. Posterior cleft - A cleft posterior to the incisive foramen — involving the secondary palate.
What is the cause of anterior cleft?
What is the cause of posterior cleft?
What does image A represent?
What does image B represent?
- Posterior ends of the palatine shelves failed to fuse completely.
- Hard palate and most of soft palate fused properly
What does image C represent?
- One palatine shelf fails to fuse with the nasal septum and opposite shelf.
- Primary palate and opposite palatine shelf are normal
What does image D represent?
- Both palatine shelves fail to fuse with each other and with the nasal septum.
- Primary palate is normal
What does image E represent?
- One medial nasal prominence fails to fuse with the maxillary prominence on the same side.
- Medial nasal prominences fuse with each other (philtrum), opposite side normal
What does image F represent?
- Both medial nasal prominences fail to fuse with their corresponding maxillary prominences.
- Medial nasal prominences fuse with each other (philtrum forms)
What does image G represent?
- Both medial nasal prominences fail to fuse with their corresponding maxillary prominences + one palatine shelf fails to fuse with the nasal septum and the opposite palatine shelf
- Medial nasal prominences fuse together + One palatine shelf intact
What does image H represent?
- Both medial nasal prominences fail to fuse with their corresponding maxillary prominences + both palatine shelves fail to fuse with each other and the nasal septum
- Medial nasal prominences fuse together (philtrum)
Which images are posterior clefts?
Which images are anterior clefts?
Which images are mixed (both anterior and posterior clefts)?
What are some conditions where micrognathia is observed?
What anomaly is shown in image A?
What anomaly is shown in image B?
What anomaly is shown in image C?
What anomaly is shown in image D?
What anomaly is shown in image E?
What anomaly is shown in image F?
List the possible five congenital anomalies of the tongue.
2. Microglossia
3. Macroglossia
4. Cleft tongue
5. Glossoptosis
What is a cleft tongue (bifid tongue)?
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