Embryonic folding
17 important questions on Embryonic folding
When does formation of the neural plate begin and end?
What role does the notochord play in neural plate formation?
How does the neural plate expand?
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What is “ectodermal restriction”?
What structures form as the neural plate develops?
What causes cranio-caudal folding?
What structures move and how during the head fold?
- The forebrain expands cranially.
- The neural plate rolls 180°
- The primordial heart and oropharyngeal membrane shift ventrally
- The endoderm of the yolk sac becomes incorporated into the foregut.
What structures move and how during the tail fold?
- The neural tube lengthens at the caudal end
- The caudal eminence projects over the cloacal membrane.
- 180° fold occurs, moving the connecting stalk ventrally (to the front).
- The endoderm is folded into the hindgut.
What’s the overall goal of cranio-caudal folding?
What drives lateral folding?
What structures move and how during lateral folding?
- The ventrolateral body walls fold inward (ventrally) and meet at the midline
- The endoderm becomes enclosed, forming the midgut.
- The lateral mesoderm splits into somatic (outer) and splanchnic (inner) layers, creating the intraembryonic coelom (body cavity).
- Formation of cylindrical embryo
How does the relationship between the midgut and the yolk sac change throughout development?
What are anterior abdominal wall defects?
What are the two types of anterior abdominal wall defects?
2. Gastroschisis - bowel protrudes on the surface of the abdomen, usually right of the umbilicus.
What causes anterior thoracic wall defects?
What is ectopia cordis?
What is the Pentalogy of Cantrell?
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