Implantation
30 important questions on Implantation
What happens during the beginning of implantation on day 7?
2. Differentiation of the inner cell mass into epiblast and hypoblast
3. Trophoblast proliferates and differentiates to invade uterine matrix via formation of synctium
Which specific area of the uterine wall does the blastocyst attach to?
What does the inner cell mass (embryoblast) differentiate into once the blastocyst is attached to the embryonic pole?
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What two cell types does trophoblast proliferate and differentiate into in order to invade the uterine wall?
What happens on day 8 (implantation)?
2. Formation of amniotic cavity at embryonic pole
3. Migration of parts of epiblast cells to amnioblasts
What is the purpose of further syncytiotrophoblast expansion?
Where does amniotic cavity form?
What is the purpose of migration of parts of epiblast cells to amnioblasts?
What is the coagulation plug?
How is the primary yolk sac formed?
What is the purpose of primary yolk sac?
What is the trophoblastic lacunae and its function?
What are the developmental changes of the blastocyst from day 12 to day 13?
2. Formation of extraembryonic mesoderm
3. Formation of chorionic cavity
4. Formation of definitive yolk sac
5. Suspension of embryo from chorionic cavity via proliferation of extraembryonic mesoderm
What does the extraembryonic mesoderm do?
What structures does the chorionic cavity separate?
How is the definitive yolk sac formed?
What does the proliferation of extraembryonic mesoderm, starting from day 13, do?
2. On day 16, the extraembryonic mesoderm also invades the primary stem villus, forming the secondary stem villus.
3. Between day 16 and 21, the extraembryonic mesoderm differentiates into connective tissue and blood vessels, forming the tertiary stem villus.
What happens on day 21, once the tertiary stem villus is established?
What does the uteroplacental circulation do?
What is the locational change in chorion as the embryo expands?
What is the two structural components of chorion?
2. Chorion frondosum - leafy chorion at embryonic pole, associated with decidua basalis
What two structures form the placenta?
2. Decidua basalis (maternal contribution)
What is the relationship between the amniotic cavity and chorionic cavity as the embryo develops?
- amniotic cavity surrounds the whole embryo
- chorionic cavity is reduced to chorionic sac
What are the possible causes of ectopic pregnancies?
2. Scarring from surgical interventions in pelvis/tubes
3. Tobacco usage
4. In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
5. Congenital anomalies (tube malformation)
6. Endometriosis (ectopic fragments of uterine mucosa in fallopian tubes)
What is ectopic pregnancy and what is its prevalence?
What is the most common type of ectopic pregnancy and why?
What is placenta previa and what is its consequence?
What is placenta accreta and what is its consequence?
What is placenta percreta?
Which is a deeper implantation: placenta accreta or placenta percreta?
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