Emotional Labour

8 important questions on Emotional Labour

What are developments of Emotional Turn?

Conceptual development
  • The way we understand the emotional aspects of organisations and management team.

Empirical Changes
  • The way we experience work and the context within which it takes place.

Theoretical trends

  • The way which ideal form as of management as defined, largely in managerial text and HOW TO GUIDES.

Examples of roles requiring high emotional Labour?

  • Caring professions - nursing, doctors, health assistants, social workers, Social care workers.
  • Flight attendents, hairstylers, hospitality and retail.
  • Debt collectors, lawyers.
  • Call centre stafff
  • Management teams.

How do organisations manage emotional labour?

Theory developed by Ashford & Humphrey 1995

Neutralising - preventing
buffering - segregrate potentially disruptive individuals.
perscribing - rules and scrips
Normalising - adopt appropriate Emotions into culture.

Whilst buffering, perscribing and normalising seems to have a positive effect on employee morale, neutralising controls seems to damage employee trust and employee committment.
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Are we changing the way we care for our employees?

The critic in me says not really, we use wellness programs, engagement, performance management and adopt flexible working arrangments for our employees, but this can be given with the expectation from our employees to pay back, ie longer working hours, always on checking emails etc.  A recent piece of legislation from France is the right to disconnect, this was legislated because too many organisations were abusing the working time hours and with globalisation increasing the requirements to work evenings early mornings etc etc.

How is emotional labour regarded?

Emotional labour is regarded as the exploitation of human beings who are required to display emotions in order to satisfy customers and organizational goals.

Such demands may have serious effects on one's emotional well-being: people can loose touch with their real emotions.

What are employee coping mechanism for emotional labour?

Back stage - away from contact with customers maybe even colleagues.


Humour - venting.  If I cant laugh I’ll cry.

Switch off - disengage.

Develop network, colleagues in profession or friends, family.

Routinely go through the motions.

What does Emotional Labour mean to employees?

When employees regulate or suppress their "real" emotions in exchange for wages, or other valued consideration, they are considered to be performing emotional labour.

Most popular in the service industry which places a crucial role in the economy (approx 70%). 

Research to demonstrate that Emotional Labour contributes to negative attitudes, behaviours and poor health of employees.

What are some outcomes of Surface acting emotional labour?

  • Job Dissatisfaction.
  • Loss of memory
  • depersonalise
  • Job stress
  • hypertension
  • heart disease
  • emotional exhaustion and burnout
  • has even been shown to exacerbate cancer
  • Workplace violence


Deep acting does not harm employee well being and positively related with job satisfaction, commitment performance and customer satisfaction.

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