Summary: Esp Toets (1)

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• 1 1 General Knowledge of a Warmblood Breeding Program

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• What are the primary goals of Warmblood breeding programs?

  The main objectives include:
  

  1. Performance: Achieving Grand Prix-level sport in jumping and dressage.
  2. Health: Enhancing the locomotor and respiratory systems, alongside fertility.
  3. Character: Promoting willingness to perform and friendliness.
  4. Movement: Ensuring functional and correct movements.
  5. Conformation: Aiming for an attractive and functional build.

  - Note: Long generation intervals (~10 years) necessitate the use of predictor traits for estimating breeding goals.

• How are performance tests used in Warmblood breeding?

  Performance tests aim to:
  

  1. Predict future capabilities and assess traits objectively.
  2. Include evaluations like:

  • Free jumping
  • - Movement evaluations
  • - IBOP (Individual Assessment for Riding Horse Development)
  • - EPTM/EPTH tailored for specific disciplines (jumping or dressage).

  3. Establish standardized conditions to ensure consistent evaluations.

• What types of traits are important in Warmblood breeding?

  There are 2 main categories:
  

  1. Predictor Traits: Such as free jumping, movement technique, and conformation.
  2. Breeding Goal Traits: Focus on high-level sport performances, like Grand Prix achievements.

  - Key criteria for traits include:
  

  1. Heritability > 0.1.
  2. Genetic correlation with breeding goals > 0.3.

• What factors influence genetic progress in horse breeding?

  Four factors influencing genetic progress include:
  

  1. Selection methods used in breeding decisions.
  2. Breeding values of the chosen horses.
  3. The genetic diversity within the breeding population.
  4. Crossing systems applied to achieve desired traits.

• What considerations are there for using old versus young stallions in breeding?

  Evaluating old stallions:
  

  1. Known genetics and performance records.
  2. Proven offspring quality.

  Conversely, young stallions offer:
  

  1. Potential for new traits.
  2. Unproven lineage that requires careful evaluation.

  - Overall, decisions should factor in breeding goals and genetic progress.

• What are the main factors influencing genetic progress in horse breeding?

  Key factors affecting genetic progress include:
  

  1. Selection Intensity (I): Higher selection intensity leads to selecting fewer superior animals.
  2. Selection Accuracy (R): Depends on accurate data like Estimated Breeding Values.
  3. Genetic Variation (ΣA): Fixed additive genetic variation for the population.
  4. Generation Interval (G): Shorter intervals promote quicker progress.

• How is the genetic gain calculated in horse breeding?

  The formula for genetic gain is:
  ΔG = i × r × σa / g.
  Where,
  

  1. i: Selection intensity.
  2. r: Selection accuracy.
  3. σa: Additive genetic variation.
  4. g: Generation interval.

• What are the different systems used in horse breeding to enhance genetic traits?

  Key systems in horse breeding include:
  

  1. Crossbreeding: Combines different breeds for specific traits.
  2. Backcrossing: Breeds back to original breeds to reinforce traits.
  3. Within-breed breeding: Enhances traits within a single breed.

• What are Nico Shulpens statements regarding horse genetic predisposition?

  Statements by Nico Schulpens include:
  

  1. Genetic predisposition is vital but needs training and management.
  2. The dam and stallion contribute equally to genetics (50% each).
  3. Performance tests are effective for selecting high-potential horses.
  4. Predicates encourage producing quality horses aligned with standards.

• What is the opinion on using old versus young stallions in horse breeding?

  The preference may vary based on several factors:
  

  1. Young stallions: Faster genetic progress due to shorter generation intervals.
  2. Older stallions: Often have proven performance records and experience.
  3. Decisions are based on specific breeding goals and traits desired.