Read the summary and the most important questions on Food Processing

• Product and Process Technology

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• What are functional properties of food (explanation)?

  The changes that the main nutrients in the food undergo (during processing).

• What kind of relation is there between functional properties of food and the product functionality?

  The change of a nutrient (functional property) enables it to be used in different forms, textures, tastes and appearances (product functionality).
  
  Examples of functional properties: denaturation of proteins/ malliard reaction/ dextrinisation.

• What does a process do to food and by means of what?

  It changes input into output by means of interrelated tasks (unit operations).

• What is an industrial process?

  A series of unit operations used to produce materials in large quantities.

• A unit operation is a basic step (sometimes a transformation) that takes place in a process. Name a couple of unit operations and the type of change it causes.

  - Evaporation -> physical change
  - Pasteurization -> chemical transformation
  
  The difference between a physical change and a chemical transformation is that no new substance is created during a physical change, although the matter takes a different form. During chemical transformation new substances are created. 

• Do small scale processes work the same as processes on big scale? Explain why.

  Small scale processes do not work the same. The difference in magnitude between a small scale and big scale process is too high. That is why a big scale process should be split up into multiple processing steps.

• What is the difference between evaporation and drying?

  Drying is typically the word used to describe the removal of water from a substance. Evaporation is the changing of phase of liquid water to gaseous water.

• What are the aims of food processing?

  - Extraction of valuable components
  - Transformations
  - Production of composed products
  - Preservation

• Name a example/form of extraction and transformation.

  Extraction: Olive oil from olives
  Transformation: Fermentation

• By which forms of processes can extraction be carried out?

  - Cutting 
  - Separation processes