Neurocognitive Disorder/Dementia - Causes of Reversible Dementia
4 important questions on Neurocognitive Disorder/Dementia - Causes of Reversible Dementia
DRUG - Reversible Dementia
prolonged use of steroid may cause raise in cortisol level -> Hippocampal atrophy -> memory troubles
Anticholinergic medications: anti-depressant, anti-psychotic, bladder muscarinic. Anti Cholinergic impairs attention and alertness as it blocks acetylcholine in the brain associated with both cortex and hippocampus
Benzodiazepines Chronic use of benzo may lead to cognitive slowing
EMOTION AND METABOLIC REVERSIBLE DEMENTIA
Occurs commonly in elderly with depression. Depression affects cognition through psychomotor retardation, anhedonia, avolition
Metabolic
Hypothyroidism – slows metabolism leading to cognitive slowness
Chronic Liver/Kidney disease causes encephalopathy – confusion and disorientation
Electrolyte imbalances Most metabolic causes present closer to delirium
E.N.T. Of reversible dementia
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Clinical triad of ataxia, urinary incontinence, and dementia. Demetia like symptoms are normally reversible after the spinal CSF tap
Tumour/SOL Chronic subdural hematomas (SDH) – from trivial trauma in the elderly. Usual clinical features include altered sensorium, focal neurological deficits, and memory disturbances.
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I.A of reversible dementia
AIDS/HIV infection Neurosyphilis
Anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency is a common cause of macrocytic anemia and can result in a plethora of neuropsychiatric symptom Iron deficiency has been known to cause cognitive impairment in elderly which is independent of anaemia.
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