Pluralist Society - Becoming who you are
24 important questions on Pluralist Society - Becoming who you are
What roles do various groups play in your life?
- Part of groups: family, friends, school, work.
- Encounter norms and traditions.
- Learn to participate and fit in.
- Identity shaped by these experiences.
How do nature and nurture influence behavior?
- Nature: traits you're born with (temperament, sexual preference).
- Nurture: behavior learned from environment, culture.
- Debate between inherited traits and learning.
- Behavior is a complex interaction of both.
What is cultural transfer and how does it relate to socialization?
- Cultural transfer: learning behaviors like walking, talking.
- Socialization: learning behaviors needed to participate in society.
- Involves unlearning early habits like hitting.
- Step-by-step learning of appropriate behavior.
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
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How does socialisation shape behavior according to cultural differences?
- Socialisation begins at birth, integrating individuals into societal cultures.
- People from different countries (e.g. Netherlands, China, Ethiopia) behave variably.
- Lack of socialisation inhibits societal functionality.
What are some key institutions involved in socialisation?
- Key social groups include family, school, friends, faith communities, sports clubs.
- Government codifies societal norms into laws.
- Media influences perceptions by shaping attitudes towards appearance.
What influences are exerted by the government and media on socialisation?
- Government enacts laws (e.g., banning public urination).
- Media sets norms via portrayals, affecting perceptions of body image.
- Both transform values, norms, and customs.
How does socialisation take place through imitation?
- Imitation is key in socialisation, especially for children.
- They learn by copying actions like making a sandwich or comforting siblings.
- In school, they imitate clothing and speech, absorbing group traits.
What role does information play in socialisation?
- Socialisation involves learning from information.
- People provide instructions, tips to resolve arguments, and teach democracy.
- This occurs at home, school, sports clubs, and work.
Why is absorbing information important in becoming a functioning member of society?
- Absorbing and processing information is crucial for social functioning.
- It's necessary to effectively interact and integrate in society.
What is social control and how is it applied in daily life?
- Social control involves encouraging or forcing others to follow norms.
- Examples:
- - Parents reprimand for belching.
- - Teachers praise completed homework.
- - Friends express displeasure for forgotten birthdays.
How does socialisation lead to internalisation?
- Socialisation leads to adopting values, norms, and customs.
- Behaviors become automatic as expected by society.
- Example behaviors:
- - Cycling on the correct side.
- - Greeting others appropriately.
- - Waiting in line.
How does socialisation affect personal identity?
- Socialisation leads to the development of personal identity.
- Personal identity is defined by self-perception.
- Includes hobbies, music preferences, dress, and personality traits.
- Influences include being patient, hyper, or cautious.
What is social identity and what influences it?
- Social identity derives from group and cultural connections.
- Can include national, cultural, and local affiliations.
- Example: Feeling Dutch, Turkish, Eindhoven local, student, PSV fan.
- Multiple identities arise from various group affiliations.
What factors affect personal identity development in different cultures?
- Freedom to develop personal identity varies.
- Influenced by individualism or collectivism.
- Affected by masculine or feminine cultural traits.
How does individualism manifest in the Netherlands?
- Dominant culture is individualistic.
- Emphasizes personal development and freedom.
- Relatively loose personal ties.
- People care for themselves.
How is collectivism reflected in countries like Africa and the Middle East?
- Dominant culture is collectivist.
- Group interests, often family, prioritized.
- Strong family ties.
- Care for own parents and in-laws.
What are the characteristics of a masculine culture?
- Roles of men and women are clearly defined and separate.
- Men focus on career and success.
- Women adopt modest, facilitating roles.
- Morocco and Mexico are examples.
How are the roles of men and women described in feminine cultures?
- Roles of men and women are not distinctly different.
- Roles often overlap.
- Netherlands and Sweden are examples of having a more feminine culture.
Why is it important for everyone to follow traditional customs and rules?
- Ensures family adherence to customs.
- Non-compliance by one leads to family accountability.
- Examples include choice of partner or clothing style.
What does the nature side of the nature-nurture debate suggest about human behavior?
- Determined by biological, genetic traits
- Influences include temperament, character, abilities
- Emphasizes innate qualities over environmental factors
How does the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate view human behavior?
- Determined by socialization and environmental influences
- Learning from one's surroundings is key
- Emphasizes external factors over innate qualities
What is the current theory about human behavior in the nature-nurture debate?
- Complex interaction between biological/genetic traits and learned behavior
- Considers both inherited and environmental influences
- Integrates internal and external factors
What is informal social control and give an example?
- Not laid down in written laws or rules
- Example: Complimenting someone for good behavior is an informal positive sanction/social control
What are the processes of enculturation and acculturation?
- Enculturation: Socialization into a culture from birth.
- Acculturation: Socialization into a culture later in life (e.g., moving to another country).
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