1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - Arabs as Trans-regional leaders
5 important questions on 1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - Arabs as Trans-regional leaders
Where were Arab trading settlements established? What language was used?
- Arab trading settlements were established at ports and on islands down the coast, and merchants mixed with local elites to form a network of connections.
- A new lanuage, Swahili (from the Arab word for "shores"), emerged for this trading and governing community, a clear sign of the cultural accompaniments to more consistent commercial exchange.
How was trading viewed by Islam? What resulted from this view? How did Muhammed see it?
- Islam was more certain about this than Christians, who believed that it could disrupt spiritual goals. Islam claimed that trading success and religious devotion went hand in hand, which helped push Arab merchants to unusual heights.
- Muhammed himself was a former merchant and noted the value and satisfaction of merchant life, second only to a religious vocation.
Who did Muslims identify as dar al-harb, or land of war, outside the Islamic purview?
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In what directions did the Islam spread itself?
- Along with the growing activity in East Africa, this led to varied and vibrant exchanges of goods among Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, going well beyond the luxury level that had largely characterised interregional activity previously.
- Exchanges pushed farther east to Thailand and Burma but also to south China.
How did Arab connections cause further additional innovations?
- Bills of exchange were introduced, which facilitated payments for goods of distant origin.
- Arab commercial law was recognised in a number of different regions, and the Arabs helped create a precedent in which commercial regulations might be seen as transcending individual political units - with the individual states agreeing because of the profits the larger trading system brought to local merchants and their contributions to tax revenues.
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