1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - New Technology
8 important questions on 1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - New Technology
What did Arab commerce help with regarding globalization?
- Movement of bulk goods, like grains and metal ores, became possible as never before. Along with the sheer expansion of east-west trade, the new shipping capacities provided another step in the network from any of the patterns that had been established before.
What new advantages did Arabs gain when they conquered Persia?
What is the astrolabe? Who came up with it?
- Astrolabes allowed the calculation of heights of mountains or human structures, as well as accurately measuring the position of objects in the sky. Astrolabes facilitated land-based as well as seagoing transportation, determining latitude and longitude though only approximately.
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What made the magnetic compass better than the astrolabe?
Who invented the magnetic compass? What is it about?
- It was the navigational use, becoming very clear by the seventh century, which was really important. By that point, the Chinese knew that an iron needle could be magnetized by rubbing it with magnetite ore, and they were also able to use intense heat to magnetize a needle in a north-south direction.
- The needle could then be floated in a bowl of water, where it would spin until it pointed.
What was a crucial development in shipping around 1000CE, next to the magnetic compass?
- Both speed and flexibility benefited greatly from this innovation.
What are dhows? What did they do? What did dhows allow for Arabs?
- They were relatively large boats with transverse watertight bulkheads reducing - though as we have seen, not eliminating - the danger of sinking.
- Dhows had two masts, each with a lateen sail. Wicker rail prevented ways from breaking over the ship's bulwark.
- In Arab hands, the dhows allowed faster and longer trips and the transport of bulk cargoes such as foodstuffs, metals and manufactured goods - like the Chinese porcelain that was becoming so widely sought after.
What shipbuilding innovation came from the Chinese?
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