1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - Impacts - Concepts and Cultural Imitations

6 important questions on 1000 CE as Turning Point: The Birth of Globalization? - Impacts - Concepts and Cultural Imitations

What example shows the traveling power of improvements in intellectual toolkits?

The spread of the Indian numbering system, with associated features like the concept of zero and decimal notations, formed a particularly clear example of the new traveling power of improvements in intellectual toolkits.

What country did Japan want to know more about?

- Japan launched a period of intense study of Chinese values and institutions in the fourth and fifth centuries under the leadership of the powerful Yamato clan.
- Chinese writing was introduced, with Chinese scribes brought over to make copies of major Chinese books and to help interpret them.

What results came from Japanese students learning about China?

- Japanese students and scholars who were fluent in Chinese began to be sent directly to China to further the learning process.
- The resulting imports were considerable: Chinese script was adapted to the very different Japanese language, giving the Japanese a written culture for the first time.
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Which foreign ideas were widely imported into Japan?

- Both Buddhist and Confucian ideas were widely imported, with Buddhist missionaries initially taking the lead.
- Other Chinese cultural forms, from styles of poetry to martial arts and gardening, were brought over and integrated into Japanese life.
- Both architecture and painting reflected the growing Chinese influence.
- Chinese legal codes established a more patriarchal family structure in Japan, ultimately worsening the position of women - though the most extreme practices, like foot binding, were not adopted. Japanese aristocrats began to engage in polygamy.

What influence did the Byzantine Empire have on Russia?

- Russian commercial interactions with the Byzantine Empire, along with Byzantine missionary activity, led to substantial but essentially one-way exchange.
- From Byzantium Russia would copy Christianity, including the Orthodox definition of the appropriate relationship between church and state,  and with this a host of artistic forms particularly in the religious realm.
- An adapted Greek alphabet, called Cyrillic, gave Russians access to writing for the first time.

What was the goal of students who visited scholarly centers in Islamic Spain, North Africa or Byzantium?

- The goal of these missions rested in part on an interest in recovering classical Greek and Hellenistic materials, often better preserved in the Arab and Byzantine domains.
- But interpretations of classical science and philosophy entered into the picture as well, with Arab philosophers like Ibn Rushd (known in the West as Averroes), who worked on issues such as the relationship between faith and reason, playing a huge role in setting up leading intellectual debates.

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